Veterinary Microbiology

Undergraduate Syllabus and Lecture Schedules of  Veterinary Microbiology
Course Structure
 

 

Sr. No.
Course No.
Title
Credits
Semester
1
VMC 211
General Veterinary Microbiology
1+1=2
III
2
VMC 221
Veterinary Immunology & Serology
1+1=2
IV
3
VMC 311
Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology
2+1=3
V
4
VMC 321
Systematic Veterinary Virology
2+1=3
VI
5
VLD 421*
Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry & Diagnosis
0+1=1
VIII

(* VLD 421 course is to be taught by Departments of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology)

Teaching Schedules

General Veterinary Microbiology

Course No.
VMC – 211
Credits
1+1=2
Semester
III
Year
Second

THEORY

S. N.
Topic outline
1.
Introduction and History
  • Highlights of developmental history of Veterinary Microbiology
  • Scope of Veterinary Microbiology
2.
Classification and Nomenclature
  • Unicellular organisms- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  • Kingdom Prokaryote and its four division (Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology)
  • Basis of classification and nomenclature of microorganisms
3.
Morphology and Structure
  • Morphology: Shape, size, arrangement and morphological variations
  • Structure: Structure of bacterial cell, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, mesosomes, chromatin material
4.
Structure contd:
  • Capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospore, plasmids, inclusions (volutin / metachromatic granules etc)
5.
Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria
  • Growth requirements: Temperature, pH, gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide etc), moisture etc.
  • Nutrition: Nutritional types (Autotrophs, heterotrophs, phototrophs, lithotrophs etc), Nutrient requirements (Macro and micronutrients)
6.
Growth and Reproduction
  • Measurement of bacterial growth, methods of estimating total and viable count
  • Bacterial growth curve
7.
Infection
  • Definitions: Infection, infectious disease, contagious disease, non-contagious disease etc.
  • Types of infection– primary, secondary, cross, nosocomial, iatrogenic infection, localized infection, generalized infection, Bacteremia, septicemia, toxaemia etc.
  • Sources of infection-animal, human, insects, inanimate
  • Transmission of infection– Modes of transmission, direct & indirect contact etc.
8.
Pathogenicity and Virulence
  • Factors determining the ability of organism to produce disease, pathogenicity, virulence, invasiveness, toxigenicity: endotoxin and exotoxin
Resistance and susceptibility of host
  • Host factors- breed, species,  individual factors- age, physiological & nutritional status, use of antibiotics or corticosteroids etc.
9.
Bacterial genetics
  • Phenotypic and Genotypic variations
  • Chromosomal DNA, plasmids, F factor, Col factor, R Factor
  • Methods of transmission of genetic material in microorganisms: Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation etc
  • Antibiotic resistance: Genetic mechanisms, mutational, plasmid-mediated
10.
Mycology:
  • Introduction, Scope of Mycology, Morphology of fungi, yeasts and molds
11.
Growth and nutrition of fungi
  • Reproduction in fungi: Asexual and Sexual, Definitions of different types of sexual and asexual spores.
  • Classification of fungi
12.
Virology:
  • General properties of virus, comparison of viruses and other microorganisms, definitions of different terms
  • Morphology & Structure of viruses – shape, size, symmetry, capsid, envelope, pepleomers etc.
  • Chemical composition of viruses – nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
  • Resistance of virus to physical and chemical agents. 
13.
  • Purification of Viruses: Liberation of virus from infected cells, purification by centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, other methods
  • Cultivation of viruses: Animal inoculation, Chick embryo inoculation, cell culture
14.
Replication of  viruses
  • Single step growth curve, essential steps involved in multiplication,
  • Replication of DNA viruses
  • Replication of RNA viruses
15.
Cell-virus interaction
  • Cytopathic effect, mechanisms of damage caused by viruses, cytocidal, non-cytocidal cell virus interactions, viral interference, interferon, pathogenesis of viral infection
16.
Viral genetics
  • Mutation, recombination, genetic reassortment and reactivation
  • Non genetic interaction- Transcapitation, complmentation, phenotypic mixing and polyploidy

PRACTICAL

S.N.
Practical / Experiment
1.
Equipments / Set-up of Microbiology laboratory
General instructions for safety in Microbiology laboratory
2.
Sterilization-Methods of sterilization
Physical: Heat (dry / moist), Filtration: Different types of filters (Seitz / Membrane etc.); Radiation: Ultraviolet
Preparation of materials for sterilization, Demonstration of working of Hot air oven, autoclave, instrument sterilizer, inspissator, Seitz and membrane filters etc.
3.
Disinfection, antisepsis and asepsis
Demonstration of method of estimation of phenol coefficient of chemical disinfectants
4.
Bacterial Staining techniques
Simple staining: Methylene blue and Leishman’s stains
5.
Differential staining – Gram’s staining
6.
Differential staining – Acid-fast staining / Z. N. staining
7.
Special staining – Metachromatic granules (Albert’s stain), capsule (Hiss or negative staining) and spore staining (Schaffer and Fulton’s staining)
8.
Bacterial motility
Study of bacterial motility by hanging drop preparation
9.
Preparation of culture media
Liquid media-Nutrient broth; Solid media-Basal- Nutrient Agar
Enriched media- Blood Agar; Differential media- Mac Conkey’s agar,
Indicator media- EMB Agar
10.
Aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of bacteria
Culture Methods: Slant cultures, stab cultures, streak cultures, liquid cultures
Anaerobic cultivation: Demonstration of anaerobic cultivation using McIntosh and Filde’s anaerobic jar, other methods of anaerobic cultivation viz. use of cooked meat medium etc.
11.
Isolation of bacteria in pure cultures
Different methods of obtaining pure cultures of bacteria
Isolation by streak plate method
12.
Cultural characteristics
Study of cultural characteristics of bacteria on different media (solid and liquid)
13.
Morphological studies:
Preparation of smear / film from bacterial culture, fixation, staining by Gram’s stain, morphological studies including shape, size, arrangement, staining reaction etc.
Demonstration of slides of different organisms eg. Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., other Gram negative bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc.
14.
Biochemical characteristics: Demonstration of
Carbohydrate metabolism-Sugar fermentation tests, Methyl Red, Voges- Proskauer test; Protein breakdown- Indole, Nitrate, H2S production; Enzyme based tests- Catalase, oxidase, urease; Miscellaneous tests- Citrate test
15
Antibiotic sensitivity test– Disc diffusion technique
16.
Slide culture technique and lactophenol cotton blue staining for fungus examination
  • TEXT BOOKS:
    Text Book of Microbiology by R. Ananthnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker
  • Microbiology by Michael J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan and Noel R. Kreig
  • Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology by G.R. Carter and Darla J. Wise
  • Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
  • Veterinary Immunology & Serology
Course No.
VMC- 221
Credits
1+1=2
Semester
IV
Year
Second

THEORY

S. N.
Topic outline
1.
Historical development of Immunology.
Introduction and scope of Veterinary Immunology
2
Immune system: Organs -central and peripheral lymphoid organs, Thymus, Bursa etc. Cells involved in immunity: Lymphocytes – classes, development of different types
3
Cells involved in immunity contd. T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) – MHC classes, structure, role
4
Immunity: Definition, types of immunity- innate immunity, mechanisms of innate immunity (non-specific defense)
5
Immunity contd.: Acquired immunity – active and passive immunity
6
Immune response: Humoral and cellular immune response; Primary and secondary immune response
7
Antigen: Definition, properties and types of antigen, specificity of antigens, blood group antigens, Antigenic determinant / epitope, Factors influencing immunogenicity
8
Antibodies: Immunoglobulin structure, site and mechanism of antibody formation; theories of antibody production
9
Antibodies: Structure, properties and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins
Hybridoma technique and monoclonal antibodies
10
Complement system: Complement components, Activation of complement by classical, alternate and mannose binding pathways.
11
Antigen-antibody reactions: General features of antigen-antibody reactions, antibody affinity, avidity, specificity; forces binding antigen and antibody
12
Principle and applications of precipitation and agglutination reactions; phagocytosis, opsonic index
13
Principle and applications of complement fixation, neutralization, cytolysis, toxin-antitoxin neutralization, immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays
14
Hypersensitivity: Definition, types of hypersensitivity- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, mechanisms of different types of hypersensitivity reactions
15
Autoimmunity: Definition, mechaimsms, classification of autoimmune disorders with examples. Immunological tolerance.
16
Biologicals: Vaccines – inactivated, live and modern vaccines their advantages and disadvantages, adjuvants, quality control of vaccines

PRACTICAL

S.N.
Practical / Experiment
1.
Preparation of antigen
Heat killed / formalinized whole cell bacterin
Preparation of sheep RBC suspension for raising haemolysin
2
Raising of antisera
Raising antiserum against particulate antigen e.g. haemolysin against sheep RBCs
Raising antiserum against soluble antigen e.g. bovine serum albumin
3
Separation and concentration of immunoglobulins by ammonium sulfate precipitation method
4
Agglutination reactions:
Plate / slide agglutination test e.g. RBPT for detection of Brucella antibodies
Tube test e.g. standard tube agglutination test for detection of Brucella antibodies
5
Agglutination reactions contd.:
Haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition tests
6
Agglutination reactions contd.:
Indirect / passive haemagglutination test
Latex co-agglutination test
7
Precipitation reactions:
Agar gel precipitation test
8
Precipitation reactions contd.:
Radial immunodiffusion (RID)
Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
Rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE)
9
Complement fixation test:
Titration of complement and haemolysin
10
Complement fixation test:
Complement fixation test proper
11
Immunoperoxidase test
12
Immunofluorescence test
13
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Direct ELISA
14
ELISA: indirect, sandwich, dot-ELISA
15
Detection of cell mediated immunity:
Demonstration of tuberculin testing
16
Visit to veterinary biologicals

TEXT BOOKS:

  • Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction by Ian R. Tizard
  • Text book of Microbiology by R. Anantnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker

Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology

Course No.
VMC-311
Credits
2+1=3
Semester
V
Year
Third

THEORY

S. N.
Topic outline
 
Study of following pathogenic bacteria and fungi in relation to their, morphology, staining characters, isolation, growth requirements and cultural characters, biochemical properties, antigenic characters and toxins, pathogenicity, diagnosis and immunity
1.
Genus: Staphylococcus, Extracellular metabolites of Staphylococci     
2
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Short description of Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus epidermidis
3
Genus: Streptococcus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Streptococcus equi
4
Genus: Streptococcus contd.
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Streptococcus dysgalactiae
  • Streptococcus uberis
5
Genus: Bacillus
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Short description of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus
6
Genus: Clostridum
  • Types of Clostridia – Histotoxic, Neurotoxic, Enteropathogenic etc.
  • Clostridium chauvoei
  • Clostridium perfringens
7
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Short description of other Clostridia.
8
Genus: Mycobacterium
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Mycobacterium bovis
9
Genus: Mycobacterium contd.
  • Mycobacterium avium
  • Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis
10
Family: Enterobacteriaceae- General features and classification
Genus: Escherichia
  • Escherichia coli
11
Genus: Salmonella
  • Nomenclature of Salmonella, Salmonella enterica and its subspecies
  • Salmonella Typhimurium
  • Salmonella Choleraesuis
  • Salmonella Pullorum
  • Salmonella Gallinarum
12
Genus: Yersinia
  • Yersinia pestis
  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
13
Genus: Klebsiella
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
Genus: Proteus
  • Proteus vulgaris
  • Proteus mirabilis
14
Genus: Campylobacter
  • Campylobacter fetus
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Campylobacter coli
15
Genus: Brucella
  • Brucella abortus
  • Brucella meligensis
  • Short description of B. canis and B. suis
16
Genus: Pasteurella
  • Pasteurella multocida
Genus: Manheimia
  • Manheimia haemolytica
17
Genus: Pseudomonas
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Genus: Burkholderia
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
18
Genus: Moraxella
  • Moraxella bovis
Genus: Taylorella
  • Taylorella equigenitalis
Genus: Haemophilus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Haemophilus paragallinarum
19
Genus: Actinobacillus
  • Actinobacillus lignieresii
Genus: Actinomyces
  • Actinomyces bovis
20
Genus: Listeria
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Listeria ivanovii
21
Genus: Arcanobacterium
  • Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Genus: Corynebacterium
  • Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
  • Corynebacterium bovis
22
Genus: Nocardia
  • Nocardia ratislav
Genus: Dermatophilus
  • Derlmatophilus congolensis
23
Spirochaetes
Genus: Leptospira
  • Leptospira interrogans serovars: icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, ratis, hardjo, ratislava, grippotyphosa, Leptospira borgpetersenii serovars: tarassovi, hardjo
Genus: Borrelia
  • Borrelia anserine
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
24
Genus: Mycoplasma
  • General characters of Mycoplasma
  • Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (SC)
  • Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (LC)
  • Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (F38)
  • Mycoplasma gallisepticum
  • Short description of other species of Mycoplasma
25
Rickettsia
  • General characters of Rickettsia
  • Genus: Rickettsia and its important species
  • Genus: Ehrilichia and its important species
  • Coxiella burnetti
26
Chlamydia
  • General characters of chlamydia
  • Genus: Chlamydia Chlamydia suis
  • Genus: Chlamydophila, Chlamydophila psittacii, Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum
27
Dermatophytes
  • Genus: Microsporum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and other species affecting domestic animals
  • Genus: Trichophyton, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum
28
Genus: Aspergillus
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Aspergillus flavus
29
  • Candida albicans
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
30
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Coccidioides immitis
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Histoplasma farciminosum
  • Sporothrix schenckii
31
  • Zygomycoses: Mucormycosis, Entomophthomycosis
  • Rhinosporidium seeberi
32
  • Fungi associated with mastitis and abortions in animals
  • Mycotoxicoses

PRACTICAL

S.N.
Practical / Experiment
 
Laboratory identification of agents of…..
1.
Mastitis:
  • Collection of milk sample and processing for isolation of pathogen
  • Identification of pathogen
  • Staphylococcus spp. : Gram’s staining, colony characters, coagulase test
2
Mastitis contd.:
  • Streptococcus spp.: Gram’s staining, colony characters, haemolytic properties, CAMP test
  • Other pathogens: Gram’s staining, study of morphology and cultural characters, biochemical tests as required.
3
Haemorrhagic septicaemia:
  • Collection of specimen viz. blood
  • Preparation of blood smear, staining with Leishman’s stain, detection of bipolar rods
  • Mouse inoculation test
4
Enteric infections:
  • Collection specimens in regular and enrichment media
  • Processing for isolation of agent and identification by..
  • E. coli: Gram’s stain, Growth on MacConkey’s agar & EMB agar, IMViC tests
5
Enteric infections contd:
  • Identification of Salmonella, Klebsiella and other enteric pathogens on the basis of morphology and staining, cultural characters and IMViC tests
6
Brucellosis:
  • Collection of specimens viz. Sera samples & other clinical material
  • Serological tests: Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Tube agglutination test / ELISA
  • Processing of clinical specimen for isolation of causative agent
7
Tuberculosis:
  • Collection of specimen viz. tissues / organs
  • Preparation of smear, staining by Z. N. staining method, detection of acid-fast bacilli
  • Tuberculin test
8
Johne’s disease:
  • Collection of specimen viz. rectal pinch
  • Preparation of smear, staining by Z. N. staining method, detection of acid-fast bacilli
  • Johnin test
9
Clostridial infections: Black quarter
  • Methylene blue staining of exudate / tissue smear and microscopic observation for detection of Clostridium chauvoei
  • Processing of material for isolation employing anaerobic culture methods
  • Guinea pig inoculation
10
Clostridial infections: Enterotoxaemia
  • Microscopic examination of clinical specimen viz. intestinal contents for detection of Gram positive bacilli
  • Detection of toxin by mouse inoculation
Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test.
11
Wooden tongue / lumpy jaw:
  • Collection of specimen
  • Preparation of smear, staining and microscopic examination
12
Anthrax:
  • Collection of specimen, preparation of blood smear, staining by polychrome methylene blue stain and detection of Mac Fadyean reaction
  • Demonstration of cultural characteristics
13
Glanders:
Mallein testing
14
Aspergillosis:
  • Collection specimen, direct examination of lactophenol cotton blue stained preparations
  • Processing of specimen for isolation employing Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, identification on the basis of morphology and cultural characters
15
Dermatophytosis:
  • Collection specimen viz. scrapings, direct examination of lactophenol cotton blue stained preparations
  • Processing of specimen for isolation employing Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, identification on the basis of morphology and cultural characters
16
Yeasts:
  • Candida albicans: Detection of Chlamydospores, germ tube technique
  • Cryptococcus: Staining by India ink method and direct microscopic examination

TEXT BOOKS:

  • Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology by G.R. Carter and D.J. Wise
  • Text Book of Veterinary Microbiology by Prof. S.N. Sharma & S.C. Adlakha
  • Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology byI.A. Merchant & R. A. Packer

Systematic Veterinary Virology

Course No.
VMC – 321
Credits
2+1=3
Semester
VI
Year
Third

THEORY

S. N.
Topic outline
1
Brief History of virology, classification and important characteristics of various families of DNA.
 
Study of following viruses causing diseases in livestock and poultry with reference to classification, morphology, physico-chemical properties, cultivation, antigenic characters, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and immunity
 
DNA VIRUSES
2
Poxviridae : Cowpox, buffalo pox, fowl pox
3
Poxviridae contd.: Sheep pox, goat pox, lumpy skin disease, orf
4
Asfaviridae :  African swine fever
5
Herpesviridae: Pseudorabies, Malignant catarrhal fever, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine abortions
6
Herpesviridae contd.: Marek’s disease and infectious laryngotracheitis
7
Adenoviridae: Infectious canine hepatitis
8
Adenoviridae contd.: Egg drop syndrome, Inclusion body hepatitis – Hydropericardium syndrome
9
Papillomaviridae: Papillomatosis
10
Parvoviridae: Canine parvovirus
11
Circoviridae: Chicken infectious anemia
 
RNA VIRUSES
12
Orthomyxoviridae:  swine influenza, equine influenza
13
Orthomyxoviridae contd.: Avian Influenza
14
Paramyxoviridae: Rinderpest, PPR
15
Paramyxoviridae contd.: Canine distemper
16
Paramyxoviridae contd.: Ranikhet disease
17
Flaviviridae:  classical swine fever, bovine viral diarrhoea
18
Picornaviridae: Duck viral hepatitis
19
Picornaviridae contd.: Foot and Mouth disease
20
Rhabdoviridae:  ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis
21
Rhabdoviridae contd.: Rabies
22
Coronaviridae: Avian infectious  Bronchitis, Transmissible gastroenteritis
23
Togaviridae: Equine encephalitis (WEE, EEE and VEE)
24
Arteriviridae: Equine viral arteritis
Caliciviridae: Vescicular exanthema
25
Retroviridae: Avian leucosis
26
Lentiviruses: Equine infectious anemia
27
Lentiviruses contd.: Maedi, visna, sheep pulmonary adenomatosis
28
Reoviridae: African horse sickness
29
Reoviridae contd.: Blue tongue, Calf rotavirus
30
Birnaviridae: Infectious bursal disease
31
Prions: BSE, Scrapie
32
Emerging animal and poultry viruses – equine morbillivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Nipah, Hanta Chandipura

PRACTICAL

S. N.
Practical
1.
Preparation of glassware and equipments for virus work
2.
Preparation of media, solutions, buffers and their sterilization
3.
Demonstration of primary cell culture Preparation and subculturing the cell line
4.
Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus
Allantoic and Chorio-allantoic membrane routes
5.
Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus
Amniotic and yolk sac routes
6.
Animal inoculation for cultivation of viruses
7.
Infection of cell cultures with virus and study of cytopathic effects – Demonstration
8.
Study of viral inclusions: Detection of Negri bodies in brain brain impression smears stained by Seller’s stain  
9.
Collection, preservation and transport of clinical specimen for virological investigations
10.
Processing of material for virus isolation
 
Diagnostic procedures for following viral diseases including collection of specimens, preservation, processing and application of specific tests
11.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): ELISA / AGID
12.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD): CFT / ELISA
13.
Ranikhet disease (RD): Chicken embryo inoculation, HA & HI
14.
Bluetongue: AGID / ELISA
15.
Avian infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease: Chicken embryo inoculation / AGID
16.
Canine Parovirus: Haemagglutination test
Infectious bovine rhinotrachitis (IBR): dot ELISA

TEXT BOOKS:

  • Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
  • Veterinary Virology by S. N. Sharma and S.C. Adlakha
  • Veterinary Virology by S. B. Mohanty and S.K. Datta
  • Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry & Diagnosis-II
Course No.
VLD – 421
Credits
0+1=1
Semester
VIII
Year
Fourth
S. N.
Practical / Experiment
1 to 16
  • Orientation to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
Examination of clinical cases in TVCSC and …..
  • Collection and processing of specimens from clinical cases suspected for bacterial, viral, fungal infections.
  • Isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens
  • Identification of bacteria on the basis morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics
  • Performing drug sensitivity tests and deciding strategy of therapy
  • Examination of specimen for direct microscopic detection of fungal agents
  • Processing of specimens for isolation of fungal agents
  • Identification of fungal isolates on the basis of morphology and cultural characteristics
  • Anti-fungal sensitivity tests
  • Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases by employing serological tests like agar gel immuno diffusion (AGID), ELISA, dot-ELISA, tube agglutination test, slide agglutination test etc.
M.V.Sc. Programme in Veterinary Microbiology as per ICAR guidelines
 
Minimum Credit Requirements:
 
 
S.N.
Subject
Credit Requirement
1
Major
28
2
Minor + Supporting
11
3
Seminar
01
4
Research
20
 
TOTAL
60
Major / Minor / Supporting Subjects:
Major Subject
Veterinary Microbiology
 
Minor + Supporting Subject
Animal Biotechnology
Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine
Veterinary Pathology
Veterinary Public Health
Veterinary Biochemistry
COURSE STRUCTURE
S. N.
Course No.
Title
Credits
Semester
1
VMC 601
Bacteriology-I
3+1=4
I
2
VMC 602
Bacteriology-II
3+1=4
II
3
VMC 603
Veterinary Mycology
1+1=2
II
4
VMC 604
General Virology
2+1=3
I
5
VMC 605
Systematic Animal Virology
3+1=4
II
6
VMC 606
Principles of Immunology
2+1=3
I
7
VMC 607
Vaccinology
2+0=2
III
8
VMC 608
Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases
1+2=3
III
9
VMC 609
Techniques in Microbiology &
Immunology
0+3=3
I
10
VMC 691
Master’s Seminar
0+1=1
III
11
VMC 699
Master’s Research
20
III & IV
Semester-wise distribution of courses
S. N.
Course No.
Title
Credits
SEMESTER I
1
VMC 601
Bacteriology-I
3+1=4
2
VMC 604
General Virology
2+1=3
3
VMC 606
Principles of Immunology
2+1=3
4
VMC 609
Techniques in Microbiology &
Immunology
0+3=3
SEMESTER II
5
VMC 602
Bacteriology-II
3+1=4
6
VMC 603
Veterinary Mycology
1+1=2
7
VMC 605
Systematic Animal Virology
3+1=4
SEMESTER III
8
VMC 607
Vaccinology
2+0=2
9
VMC 608
Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases
1+2=3
10
VMC 691
Master’s Seminar
0+1=1
SEMESTER IV
11
VMC 699
Master’s Research
20
Semester-wise distribution of credits
S. N.
Semester
Major
Minor + Supporting
Total
Course work
Research
1
I
13
3
16
2
II
10
6
16
3
III
6
5
2
13
4
IV
15
15
 
TOTAL
29
20
11
60
Bacteriology I
Course No.
VMC- 601
Title
Bacteriology I
Credits
3+1 = 4
Semester
I
THEORY
Lecture Nos.
Topic
UNIT I
1
Historical introduction
2-3
Cellular organization, genetic & chemical characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
4-5
Classification and nomenclature of bacteria; Genetic characterization and Numerical Taxonomy
6
Identification of bacteria; classic methods, molecular techniques
7-9
Structure, composition and functions of bacterial cell and its different components viz. cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nuclear material, inclusions appendages like capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores, plasmids etc. 
10
Physiology and Nutrition; Nutritional types, nutritional and physiological requirements
11-13
Bacterial metabolism: Bioenergetics, generation of energy and transfer, oxidation-reduction system, membrane transport, electron transport system, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of macromolecules
14-15
Bacterial growth; measurement of bacterial growth, bacterial growth curve
 
UNIT II
16-18
Determinants of Pathogenicity and its molecular basis: Invasiveness, invasins, toxigenesis, exotoxins and endotoxins and mechanism of their action, adherence, colonization, evasion of host defenses
19
Bacteriophages: temperate and virulent phages; lysogeny and lysogenic conversion
20-22
Bacterial genetics: Bacterial variation; phenotypic and genotypic variations, mutations and mutagenesis, gene transfer mechanisms – conjugation, transformation, transduction, Plasmids, transposons, cosmids, insertion sequences, transferable drug resistance, Recombinant DNA technology
23
Antimicrobial agents: Classes of antimicrobials and mechanism of action.
 
UNIT III
 
Systematic study of following bacteria with respect to their taxonomic position, distribution, morphology and staining characters, growth requirements and characteristics, antigenic structure, virulence factors, pathogenicity, diagnosis, immunity and control
24
Family: Enterobacteriaceae Classification and General features
25-26
Genus Escherichia, E. coli,
27
Genus Shigella, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei
28-30
Genus Salmonella, S. enterica, S. enterica subsp. enterica, Serotypes of subsp. enterica Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Gallinarum, Pullorum, Dublin, Abortusequi, Abortusovis
31
Genus Proteus, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris
 
Genus Morganella, M. morganii, Genus Providencia
32
Genus Yersinia, Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica
33
Genus Klebsiella, K. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca
34
Genus Enterobacter, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae
 
Genus Citrobacter, C. freundii, C. Rodentium
 
Genus Edwardsiella, E. tarda, E. ictaluri
35
Genus Vibrio, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. metschnikovii
36
Genus Aeromonas, A. hydrophila, A. Salmonicida
 
Genus Plesiomonas, P. Shigelloides
37
Genus Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa
38
Genus Burkholderia, B. mallei, B. pseudomallei
39
Genus Neisseria, N. gonorrheae, N. Meningitidis, N. canis
 
Genus Moraxella, M. bovis, M. ovis
40
Genus Mannheimia, M. haemolytica
41-42
Genus Pasteurella, P. multocida, Other Pasteurella species
43
Genus Haemophilus, H. influenzae, H. parasuis, H. paragallinarum,
 
Genus Histophilus, H. somni
 
Genus Taylorella, T. equigenitalis
44-45
Genus Brucella, B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis
46
Genus Francisella, F. tularensis
 
Genus Legionella, L. pneumophila
47
Genus Campylobacter, C. fetus ssp fetus, C. fetus ssp. venerealis, C. jejuni ssp. jejuni
48
Genus Helicobacter, H. pylori, H. canis, H. pullorum, H.felis
PRACTICAL
S. N.
Practical
1
Morphological characterization: Microscopy, stains and staining methods
2-3
Isolation: Preparation of culture media, processing of specimen for isolation, isolation in culture, anaerobic culture techniques
4
Measurement of bacterial growth: Total count, Turbidometric methods, viable count-standard plate count
5-6
Cell fractionation: cell wall preparations, extraction of LPS, extraction of flagellar antigens
7
Preservation of bacterial cultures
 
Detailed and comparative study of following bacteria with reference to morphology, biochemical reactions, physiology, serology and pathogenicity. Isolation from field materials, identification and characterization.
8
Escherichia coli
9
Salmonella spp.
10
Shigella spp.
11
Proteus, Klebsiella and other members of Enterobacteriaceae
12
Pseudomonas and Burkholderia
13
Pasteurella and Mannheimia
14
Moraxella, Taylorella, Haemophilus
15
Brucella
16
Campylobacter and Helicobacter
Suggested Readings: S. Peter Borriello, Patrick R. Murray and Guido Funke. Topley andWilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, Bacteriology Volumes I & II. Hodder Arnold Glen Sonder J & Karen W Post 2005. Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases. ColdSpringHarbor Lab. Press. Prescot LM, Harley JP & Klen DA. 2005. Microbiology. Wm. C. Brown Publ. Tortora GJ, Funke BR & Case CL. 2004. Microbiology: An Introduction. Benjamin/Cummins Publ. C.L. Gyles, J. .F Prescott, J.G. Songer, C.O. Thoen. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals. 2004 Wiley Bacteriology II
Course No.
VMC- 602
Title
Bacteriology II
Credits
3+1 = 4
Semester
II
THEORY
Lecture Nos.
Topic
 
Systematic study of following bacteria with respect to their taxonomic position, distribution, morphology and staining characters, growth requirements and characteristics, antigenic structure, virulence factors, pathogenicity, diagnosis, immunity and control
UNIT I
 
Gram positive cocci Family: Micrococcaceae
1 – 3
Genus Staphylococcus, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, Other Staphylococci
4 -7
Genus Streptococcus, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. equi, Other Streptococci
8
Genus Diplococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae
 
Endospore forming Gram positive rods & cocci Family: Bacillaceae
9 – 11
Genus Bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus
12 – 15
Genus Clostridium, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, Other Clostridia
 
Spirochaetes Family: Spirochaetaceae
16 – 17
Genus Borrelia, Borrelia anserine, Borrelia burgdorferi
 
Family: Leptospiraceae
18 – 19
Genus Leptospira, Pathogenic Genomospecies of leptospires viz.  L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii, L. fainei, L. inadai, L. Interrogans etc. and their serovars
20
Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus moniliformis
21
Genus Brachyspira, B. hyodysenteriae
 
Coryneform bacteria
22 – 24
Genus Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae, C. renale, C. pilosum, C. pseudotuberculosis, Other Corynebacteria
25
Genus Rhodococcus, R. equi
26
Genus Dermatophilus, D. congolensis, D. Chelonae
27
Genus Nocardia, N. Asteroides, N. Brasiliensis, N. Farcinia,
28
Genus Actinomyces, A. bovis
29
Genus Arcanobacterium, A. pyogenes
 
UNIT II
 
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
30 – 33
Genus Mycobacterium, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium subsp. avium
M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, Other Mycobacteria
 
Mycoplasmas
34 – 36
Genus Mycoplasma, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Small colony), M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Large colony), M. agalactiae, M. bovis, M. bovigenitalium
M. capricolum subsp. Capricolum, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae
M. gallisepticum, Other Mycoplasmas
37
Genus Ureaplasma, U. urealyticum, U. diversum
38
Genus Acholeplasma, A. Laidlawii, Genera Thermoplasma, Anaeroplasma, Spiroplasma, Genus Chlamydia
 
Rickettsia and Chlamydia
39 – 40
C. trachomatis, C. suis, Genus Chlamydophila, C. psittacii
41 – 43
Genus Rickettsia, R. Rickettsii, R. felis, R. conorii, R. typhi, R. prowazekii
Genus Orienta, O. Tsutsugamushi, Genus Coxiella, C. burnetti
Genus Ehrlichia, E. canis, E. ruminantium
 
UNIT III
44 – 45
Genus Listeria, L. Monocytogenes, L. ivanovii
46
Genus Erysipelothrix, E. rhusiopathiae
47 – 48
Genus Bacteroides, B. fragilis, Genus Dichelobacter, D. nodosus
Genus Fusobacterium F. necrophorum
PRACTICAL
S. N.
Practical
 
Detailed and comparative study of following bacteria with reference to morphology, biochemical reactions, physiology, serology and pathogenicity. Isolation from field materials, identification and characterization.
1
Staphylococcus aureus
2
Other Staphylococcal species
3
Streptococcus pyogenes
4
Other Streptococci
5
Bacillus anthracis
6
Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium perfringenes
7
Other clostridial species
8
Corynebacterium spp., Arcanobacterium pyogenes
9
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
10
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
11
Mycoplasma spp.
12
Borrelia and Leptospira
13
Listeria monocytogenes
14
Rickettsia
15
Chlamydia
16
Actinomyces, Erysipelothrix, Nocardia
Suggested Readings: S. Peter Borriello, Patrick R. Murray and Guido Funke. Topley andWilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, Bacteriology Volumes I & II. Hodder Arnold Glen Sonder J & Karen W Post 2005. Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases. ColdSpringHarbor Lab. Press. Prescot LM, Harley JP & Klen DA. 2005. Microbiology. Wm. C. Brown Publ. Tortora GJ, Funke BR & Case CL. 2004. Microbiology: An Introduction. Benjamin/Cummins Publ. C.L. Gyles, J. .F Prescott, J.G. Songer, C.O. Thoen. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals. 2004 Wiley Veterinary Mycology
Course No.
VMC  603
Title
Veterinary Mycology
Credits
1+1 = 2
Semester
II
THEORY
Sr. No.
Topic
UNIT I
1.
Historical introduction, Evolution of fungi, Milestones of Medical Mycology 
2.
Fungal phylogeny , Phylogenetic methods, Classification of fungi
3.
Morphology, structure and composition of fungi
4.
Growth, cultural characters of fungi, Collection of specimen, identification of fungi
5.
Physiology, Nutrition and Reproduction in fungi, Immunology of pathogenic fungi.
UNIT II
 
Systematic study of following animal mycoses including classification, morphology, structure, reproduction, growth, cultural characters, habitat, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, immunity
6
Aspergillosis
7
Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis
8
Epizootic lymphangitis, Mycetomas
9
Sporotrichosis, Histoplasmosis
10
Blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, haplomycosis
11
Rhinosporidiosis, zygomycosis,
12
Mycotic abortion, mycotic mastitis
13
Mycotic dermatitis, Dermatophytoses
14
Mycotic dermatitis, Dermatophytoses contd.
15
Mycotoxicosis
16
Mycotoxicosis contd.
PRACTICAL
Sr. No.
Practical
1.
Preparation of media, solutions, stains, reagents etc.
2.
Collection, preservation and transport of mycological specimens to the laboratory
3.
Direct microscopic examination of specimens by KOH mount
Processing of specimens for isolation of fungi
4.
Study of morphology, structure, spores, cultural characteristics of fungi.
 
Study of following pathogenic fungi with respect to their morphology, structure, cultural characteristics, identification methods
5
Dermatophytes
6
Dermatophytes contd.
7
Aspergillus
8
Aspergillus contd.
9
Candidiasis, Coccidioidomycosis
10
Cryptococcosis, Blastomycosis 
11
Histoplasmosis, Sporotrichosis
12
Mycotic mastitis
13
Mycotic abortions
14
Mytoxicosis: Aflatoxicosis
15
Mytoxicosis: Ochratoxicosis
16
Advanced techniques used in identification of fungi
Suggested Readings Glen Sonder J & Karen W Post 2005. Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases.ColdSpringHarbor Lab. Press. Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology by Carter General Virology
Course No.
VMC- 604
Title
General Virology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
1
History and scope of Veterinary Virology, Founders of the science of virology
2
Origin and nature of viruses
3
Viruses and their properties, Glossary of terms
4
Morphology and structure of viruses, Electron microscopy, X-rat crystallography and other techniques used in study of morphology
5
Structure of capsid, symmetry, viral envelopes, Virion structure and functional relationship
6
Biochemical  composition-Nucleic acids(DNA/RNA)Proteins,  glycoproteins, and lipids
7
stability of viral infectivity, Influence of temperature, pH, Ionic environment, Lipid solvent and detergent etc.
8
Propagation  of viruses in  laboratory animals
9
Propagation of viruses cell culture
10
Propagation  of viruses in  embryonated eggs
11
Taxonomy and nomenclature of viruses,  Criteria used in classification of viruses,  Classification of viruses, Subviral agents, Prion’s etc
12
Families of DNA and RNA viruses
13
Replication of viruses, Single step growth curve,  Essential steps in multiplication: 
14
Attachment, penetration, uncoating – Strategies of replication in DNA and RNA viruses
15
Transcription,  Regulation of  transcription, post-transcriptional processing, Translation, post translation modifications 
16
Replication of viral nucleic acids, assembly,  maturation and release
17
Viral Genetics,  Mutations, Types of mutations, defective interfering mutants, mutation rates, Viral Qausispecies concept,  mutagenesis ,    Analysis of viral genes- methods and tools
18
Genetic recombination between viruses, intramolecular recombination, reassortment, reactivation. Interactions between gene products, complementation, phenotypic mixing, polyploidy, interference
19
Mapping of viral genome, methods of genome mapping, applications. Recombinant DNA technology.
20
Genetic and viral evolution, impact of evolution, genetic shift and drift.
21
Virus –cell interactions, types of interactions,  Cytocidal changes in virus infected cells, mechanisms of cell damage. Noncytocidal changes in virus infected cells, Inclusion bodies, ultrastructural changes in virus infected cells, interferons
22
Viral pathogenesis,  Route of entry and its impact,  Host specificity, tissue tropism,  Spread, Mechanism of targeting specific tissues and organs, mechanism of virus shedding
23
Viral persistence, viral strategies to evade host defense mechanisms, persistent infection and chronic damage to tissues and organs, immunopathology of viral infections, infection induced damage to immune system, autoimmune disease, hypersensitivity.
24
Pathogenesis of viral diseases: Representative models of respiratory, intestinal, lymphoreticular and haematopoietic, central nervous system, multisystem, chronic and slowly progressive viral diseases
25
Oncogenic viruses-  Cell transformation,  Oncogenes and oncoproteins,  Mechanism of activation of  Cellular oncogenes by viruses
26
Retroviruses and oncogenesis,  DNA virus oncogenesis,  Multistep oncogenesis
27
Epidemiology of viral diseases,  Computations  and databases for epidemiological analysis,  Epidemiological investigations- types, models,  Transmission of virus,  Mechanism of virus survival in nature,  influence of seasonal and managemental practices on epidemiology
28
Immune response to viruses, Cellular component of immune system, Sub-cellular component of immune system.
29
Immunological memory, Types of immune response-Active/ passive to viral infection, Immune cytolysis, neutralization, Recovery from viral infection, Immunity to reinfection
30
Viral Vaccines, Types of vaccines- Live, Inactivated, Recombinant, synthetic peptide,  genetically modified vaccines etc
31
Methods for enhancing immunogenicity, adjuvants, factors affecting vaccine efficacy and safety, passive immunization, vaccination policy, vaccination schedules, available and recommended vaccines
32
Viral Chemotherapy, Strategies for development of antivirals, different  antiviral chemotherapeutic agents and mechanism of their action, new generation antivirals
Sr. No
Practical
1.
Orientation to Virology laboratory – GLP’s
2.
Equipments handling- working principles ( laminar flow, Filtrations assemblies, microscopes –inverted, fluorescent etc,)
3.
Washing and sterilization of glassware for cell culture,
4.
Preparation of media and reagents for cell culture- filtration, sterility checking etc.
5.
Preparation of primary cell culture e.g. chicken embryo fibroblast etc.
6.
Sub-culturing and maintenance of cell lines
7.
Processing of clinical specimen for isolation of virus
8.
Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs- Allantoic and Chorioallantoic membrane routes, harvesting of virus
9.
Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs- Yolk sac and amniotic routes, harvesting of virus
10.
Cultivation of viruses in laboratory animals by different routes
11.
Isolation of virus in cell culture, study of cytopathic effects
12.
Titration of virus – estimation of TCID 50
13.
Haemagglutination and Haemagglutination Inhibition test
14
Detection of viral antibodies by- SNT,
15
Detection of viral antibodies/antigen by- AGID,CIE and ELISA
16
Detection of viral antigens by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques
Suggested Readings:
Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Holzmek MK and Studdert MJ. 1999 Veterinary Virology. 3rd Ed. Academic Press.
Achesons NH. 2006. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. Wiley.
Carter J and Saunders V. 2007 Virology: Principles and Applications. 1st Ed. Wiley.
Knipe Dm, Howley PM, GriffithDE. 2006 Field Virology . 5th Ed. Vol. I and II. Lippoincott, Williams and Wilkins
Mahy BWJ and Kangaroo HO, 1996. Virological Methods Manual. Academic Press
Systematic Animal Virology
Course No.
VMC- 605
Title
Systematic Animal Virology
Credits
3+1 = 4
Semester
II
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
Study of following animal viruses belonging to various families with reference to viral properties, antigens, cultivation, pathogenesis, epidemiology, disease status inIndia, diagnosis, immunity and control.
1
Poxviridae
Cowpox,Buffalopox, Milker’s nodule
2
Sheep pox
3
Goat pox, Orf,
4
Fowl pox, Poxviruses affecting other animals
5
Asfaviridae
African swine fever
6
Herpesviridae
Infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, Bovine malignant catarrhal fever
7
Equine abortion, Equine Rhinopneumonitits, Equine coital exanthema
8
Infectious laryngotrachitis, Duck plague
9
Marek’s disease
10
Pseudorabies, Herpesviruses affecting other animals
11
Adenoviridae
Infectious canine hepatitis
12
Avian adenoviruses, egg drop syndrome
13
Inclusion body hepatitis, Leechi disease
14
Parvoviridae
Canine parvovirus
15
Porcine parvovirus (SMEDI), Feline Panleukopenia
16
Papovaviridae
Papiollomatosis
17
Paramyxoviridae
Rinderpest
18
Peste des petits ruminants
19
Canine distemper
20
New castledisease
21
Picornaviridae
Foot-and-mouth disease
22
Foot and mouth disease contd.
23
Duck viral hepatitis, Avian encephalomyelitis
24
Orthomyxoviridae
Avian influenza
25
Swine influenza
26
Equine influenza
27
Rhabdoviridae
Rabies
28
Rabies contd.
29
Vesicular stomatitis, Ephemeral fever
30
Coronaviridae
Infectious Bronchitis
31
Transmissible Gastroenteritis
32
Calciviridae
Vesicular Exanthema virus (VEV)
33
Togaviridae
Swine fever
34
Bovine viral diarrhea
35
Flaviviridae
Equine encephalitis (WEE,VEE andEEE)
36
Japanese B Encephalitis
37
Reoviridae
African Horse Sickness
38
Bluetongue
39
Rotaviruses
40
Birnaviridae
Infectious bursal disease
41
Arterivirdae
Equine arteritis, Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
42
Retroviridae
Avian leucosis
43
Equine infectious anemia
44
Bovine leukemia, Visna/maedi
45
Circoviridae
Chicken anemia virus (CAV)
46
Slow virus / prions diseases
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
47
Scrapie
48
Bornavirdae
Borna disease virus (BDV)
PRACTICAL
Sr. No
Practical
1.
Isolation of virus in chicken embryos:Newcastledisease virus by allantoic route, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
2.
Isolation of virus in chicken embryos: Fowl pox / other poxviruses by chorioallantoic route, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
3.
Isolation of infectious bronchitis in chicken embryos, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
4.
Isolation of virus in chicken embryos contd…
5.
Isolation of virus in cell cultures:Newcastledisease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts, study the cytopathic effects (CPE)
6.
Isolation of virus in cell cultures:Newcastledisease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts, study the cytopathic effects (CPE) contd.
7.
Isolation of virus in cell cultures: Bluetongue virus in BHK-21/Vero cell line, study the CPE
8.
Isolation of virus in cell cultures: Bluetongue virus in BHK-21/Vero cell line, study the CPE
9.
Isolation of IBR / swine fever virus in cell cultures, study the CPE
10.
Newcastledisease virus: Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests
11.
Rabies: Detection of Negri bodies by Seller’s staining, fluorescent antibody technique, mouse inoculation test
12.
Infectious bursal disease: Detection of Antigen / antibody by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), detection of antibodies by neutralization test
13.
Markes’s disease: AGID, CIEP
14.
Bluetongue: detection of antibodies by AGID
15.
Rotaviruses: Latex agglutination test, Electropherotyping
16.
Foot and mouth disease: Typing of virus by ELISA
Suggested readings:
Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Holzmek MK and Studdert MJ. 1999 Veterinary Virology. 3rd Ed. Academic Press.
Achesons NH. 2006. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. Wiley.
Carter J and Saunders V. 2007 Virology: Principles and Applications. 1st Ed. Wiley.
Knipe Dm, Howley PM, GriffithDE. 2006 Field Virology . 5th Ed. Vol. I and II. Lippoincott, Williams and Wilkins
Mahy BWJ and Kangaroo HO, 1996. Virological Methods Manual. Academic Press
Principles of Immunology
Course No.
VMC- 606
Title
Principles of Immunology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
THEORY
S. N.
Topic outline
UNIT I
1
Historical development of Immunology, Introduction and scope of Veterinary Immunology
2.
Immunity: Definition, types of immunity- innate and acquired immunity etc.
3.
Phylogeny of immune system and ontogeny of haemopoetic cells.
4.
Immune system: Organs -central and peripheral lymphoid organs, Thymus, Bursa etc.
5.
Cells involved in immunity: Lymphocytes – classes, development of different types
6.
Diversity of immune responses – lymphocyte repertoires, antigenic specificities of lymphocytes and leucocytes, differentiation markers and other distinguishing characters of leukocytes
7.
Other cells involved in immunity macrophages, NK cells, null cells etc.
8.
Lymphoid cell trafficking – lymphocyte traffic, role of lymphatics, HEVs etc.
UNIT II
9.
Antigen: Definition, properties and types of antigen, specificity of antigens, blood group antigens, Antigenic determinant / epitope,
10.
Factors influencing immunogenicity and role of adjuvants
11.
Antibodies: Immunoglobulin structure, functions and classification, classes and subclasses of Igs
12
Antibodies contd.
13.
Theories of antibody production
14.
Immunoglobulin genes and genetic basis of antibody diversity – genetic control of antibody formation
15.
Complement system: Complement components, Activation of complement by classical, alternate and mannose binding pathways.
16.
Biological activities of complement
UNIT III
17.
Major Histocompatibiity complex : Organization, structure, functions and gene organization of different classes.
18.
T-lymphocyte : T – cell subsets, surface receptors, structure and functions
19.
Gene organization and genetic basis of diversity of T-cell surface receptors.
20
Immune response: Humoral and cellular immune response; Primary and secondary immune response
21.
Classification and properties of various cytokines
22.
Mechanism of antibody production immune regulation
23.
Immune regulation
24.
Cell mediated immune response – role of CTLs, NK cells etc.
UNIT IV
25.
Immunity against infectious agents of veterinary importance – bacteria, viruses etc. – Factors influencing resistance, specific immunity, evasion of immune response, effect of immune response on the pathogens, serodiagnosis and vaccines
26.
Immunological surveillance
27.
Immune response in cancers – bovine lymphosarcoma, lymphoid tumors in animals and birds, role of CMI in prevention of cancers, specific role of NK cells etc.
28.
Immunological tolerance – T and B cell tolerance, clonal anergy, clonal abortion, clonal exhaustion, role of suppressor T-cells
29
Immunodeficiency and immunosuppression – causes, types and examples
30
Autoimmunity – factors, mechanisms of induction and autoimmune diseases
31
Hypersensitivity: Definition, types of hypersensitivity- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, mechanisms of different types of hypersensitivity reactions
32
Hypersensitivity contd.
PRACTICAL
S.N.
Practical / Experiment
1.
Preparation of antigen
Heat killed / formalinized whole cell bacterin
Preparation of sheep RBC suspension for raising haemolysin
2
Raising of antisera in laboratory animals
Raising antiserum against particulate antigen e.g. haemolysin against sheep RBCs
Raising antiserum against soluble antigen e.g. bovine serum albumin
3.
Collection and preservation of antisera – separation, filtration and aliquoting.
4.
Separation and concentration of immunoglobulins by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis method
5.
Quantitation of Igs by zinc sulphate turbidity and single radial immunodiffusion
6.
Comparative study of lymphoid organs of laboratory animals and poultry
7.
Uptake of bacteria by macrophages – invitro test
8.
In-vivo uptake of bacteria in various lymphoid tissues of laboratory animals
9.
Collection and separation of PBL by using ficoll etc.
10.
Agglutination reactions: Plate / slide agglutination test, Detection of Brucella antibodies by RBPT standard tube agglutination test
11
Agglutination reactions contd.: Haemagglutination & haemagglutination-inhibition tests
12.
Agglutination reactions contd.: Indirect / passive haemagglutination test
Latex co-agglutination test
13.
Precipitation reactions:
Agar gel precipitation test, immunoelectrophoresis
14.
Complement fixation test:
Titration of complement and haemolysin, CFT proper
15.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Direct ELISA, indirect ELISA, dot ELISA etc.
16.
SDS PAGE and immunoblotting
Suggested Readings:
1. Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA & Osborne BA. 2007. Kuby Immunology. 6th Ed.
WH Freeman.
2. Male D, Brostoff J, RothDB & RoittsI.2007. Immunology. 7th Ed. Mosby-
Elsevier.
3. Tizard IR. 2004. Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction. 7th Ed.
Saunders/Elsevier.
Vaccinology
Course No.
VMC- 607
Title
Vaccinology
Credits
2+0 = 0
Semester
III
S. N.
Topic
UNIT I
1
History of veterinary vaccinology
2
Classification of vaccines
3
Comparison of major types of vaccines
4
Components of vaccines: immunogens – bacteria, toxoids, viruses etc.
5
Adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems – delivery of particulate antigens through liposomes and microspheres, protein cochelates
6
Stabilizers, preservatives and vehicles used in vaccine preparation
7
Quality of a vaccine – definitions, methods in determining quality of a vaccine, quality control and testing
8
Vaccine development – need for the vaccine, cost effectiveness of the vaccine under large scale vaccination programme
9
Stages of vaccine development – identifying the disease entity, molecular epidemiological data, preparation of an immunogenic candidate, laboratory trials, scaling up procedures, shelf life, stability studies etc.
10
Clinical trials under controlled and field conditions, regulatory requirements
UNIT II
11
Traditional vaccines – live, killed vaccines and toxoids
12
Methods of preparation of traditional vaccines: bacterins, toxoids and viral vaccines
13
Maintenance of the microorganisms/viruses in maximum titre in the laboratory
14
Maintenance of vaccine strains of bacteria in suitable media
15
Passaging of viruses in embryonated eggs or cell culture
16
Preservation and monitoring of microorganisms in seed lot systems,
17
Methods of inactivation of bacteria or viruses for preparation of vaccine – by heat, chemicals and radiation
18
Attenuation of pathogenic bacteria – by serial passage and subculture in media
19
Attenuation of viruses by serial passage in cell culture or embyonated eggs
UNIT III
20
Modern vaccines: subunit vaccines, synthetic vaccines, rDNA vaccines, marker vaccine, DNA, and edible vaccines, etc.
21
Novel immunomodulators and vaccine delivery – using nanotechnology
S. N.
Topic
22
Novel methods of vaccine construction – virtual laboratory experiments involving proteomics, genomics, synthetic chemistry.
23
Recombinant DNA technology
24
rDNA technology in preparation of candidate vaccines
25
Multivalent chimeric vaccines using viral vectors such as fowl pox or vaccinia
UNIT IV
26
Vaccine formulation – as per pharmacopeal requirements – titre of the antigen, amount of adjuvant, stabilizers, preservatives in the final product.
27
Preservation techniques to maintain good antigen quality- Ex. Freeze drying, etc.
28
Vaccine stability – shelf life studies at different temperatures and efficacy tests in laboratory animals
29
Importance of cold chain and vaccine failures, logistic problems involved in transport and use of vaccines.
30
Immunization schedules of vaccines in various species of animals and poultry with respect to bacterial and viral vaccines.
31
Strategies in disease control and eradication by vaccination – serosurveillance and seromonitoring using ELISA and other assays
32
GMPs, quality control of conventional vis-à-vis recombinant vaccines
Suggested Readings:
1. Dodds WJ & Schulz R. (Eds). 1999. Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics.
Vol. 41 (Advances in Veterinary Medicine) 1st Ed. Academic Press.
2 Levine MM, Kaper JB, Rappuoli R, Liu MA & Good MF. 2004. New
Generation Vaccines. 3rd Ed. Marcel-Dekker.
3. Pastoret PP, Blancou J, Vannier C & Verschueren C. 1997. Veterinary
Vaccinology. Elsevier.
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Course No.
VMC- 608
Title
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Credits
1+2 = 3
Semester
III
THEORY
Sr. No.
Topic
UNIT I
1.
Diagnosis of infectious diseases: an overview
Principles and application of serodiagnostic methods:
2.
Agglutination-reaction based tests
3.
Precipitation-reaction based tests
4.
Complement fixation test
5
Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
6
Enzyme immunoassays
7
Radioimmunoassays
UNIT II
Principle and applications of molecular diagnostic tests
8
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
9
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR)
11
Other types of PCRs
12
Southern blotting
13
Northern blotting
14
Western blotting, Dot-blot
15
DNA diagnostics versus serodiagnostics
16
Development and validation of diagnostic tests
PRACTICALS
Sr. No.
Practical
Serodiagnostic tests for infectious diseases
1.
Agglutination tests – Bacterial slide and tube agglutination test.
2.
Microtitre plate agglutination
3.
Precipitation tests: Agar gel immunodiffusion test
4.
Counter immunoelectrophoresis
5.
Passive hemagglutination
6.
Passive hemagglutination
7.
Hemagglutination inhibition test
8.
Latex agglutination test
9.
Complement fixation test: Titration of haemolysin, complement
10.
Complement fixation test
11.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent immunoassays: Direct ELISA, dot-ELISA
12.
Indirect ELISA,SandwichELISA
13.
Immunofluorescence: Direct and Indirect
14
Immunoperoxidase technique
15
Immuno-electron microscopy
16
Virus neutralization test, Serum neutralization test
17
Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test
Molecular diagnostic techniques:
18
Protein profiling of infectious agents by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
19
Protein profiling of infectious agents by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
20
Antigen profiling of infectious agents by immunoblotting
21
Antigen profiling of infectious agents by immunoblotting
22
Isolation of DNA from infectious agents
23
Assessment of integrity of DNA and its quantification
24
Isolation of RNA from infectious agents and its quantification
25
Nucleic hybridization techniques: Southern Blot
26
Nucleic hybridization techniques: Northern Blot
27
Detection of infectious agent nucleic acids by PCR
28
Detection of infectious agents by nested PCR
29
Real time PCR
30
Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
31
Detection of infectious agents by PCR-RFLP analysis
32
Detection of infectious agents by PCR-RFLP analysis
Suggested Readings:
1. Detrick B & Hamilton RG. (Eds). 2006. Manual of Molecular and Clinical
Laboratory Immunology. 7th Ed. American Society for Microbiology.
2. Rose NR, Friedman H & Fahey JL. (Eds). 1986. Manual of Clinical
Laboratory Immunology. American Society for Microbiology.
3. DM. 1986. Handbook of Experimental Immunology. Vol. IV. Blackwell.
Techniques in Microbiology and Immunology
Course No.
VMC 609
Title
Techniques in Microbiology & Immunology
Credits
0+3 = 3
Semester
I
Practical Nos.
Name of Experiment
1 – 2
Preparation of different media used in Bacteriology, Mycology and Virology
3 – 4
Collection, preservation and transportation of specimens for microbiological analysis
5 – 8
Isolation and identification of bacteria: Direct microscopic examination e.g. Anthrax, HS, TB, BQ; Isolation in pure culture; Identification based on study of morphology & staining, growth characteristics on different media, biochemical properties, serological identification etc.
9 – 11
Isolation and identification of fungi: Direct microscopic examination of specimens; Processing of specimens; Isolation in pure cultures
Study of morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests.
12 – 13
Antibiotic and Antifungal drug sensitivity of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi): Drug sensitivity test by disc diffusion method, Determining MIC
14 – 16
Plasmid profiling: Extraction of plasmids by lysis of cells; Agarose gel electrophoresis; Estimation of molecular weights; Curing of plasmids
17 – 18
Maintenance and preservation of bacteria and fungi: Stock culture collections; Preservation methods; Short and long term preservation at low temperatures Cryopreservation and freeze drying
19 – 21
Pathogenicity test: Inoculation of laboratory animals by different route; Study the symptoms and lesions of disease; Reisolation and identification of organisms from inoculated animals
22 – 23
Maintenance of cell lines, subculturing, harvesting cells, cryopreservation and reconstitution of cells
24 – 25
Infection of cell cultures / cell lines with virus; Study cytopathic effects
Detection of virus in cell cultures; Harvesting of virus
26 – 28
Concentration and purification of animal viruses: Liberation of virus from infected cells by techniques viz. sonication, freezing thawing, chemical methods, Differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and ultra filtration, etc.
29 – 30
Storage of animal viruses by freeze drying and ultra freezing.
31 – 32
Biophysical and biochemical characterization of animal viruses
33 – 35
Molecular characterization of viral protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, PCR and RT PCR for detection of viral nucleic acids
36 – 37
Purification immunoglobulins by salt precipitation and chromatographic techniques
38 – 39
Anti-species antibody production:
40 – 42
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen and antibody detection
43 – 44
Isolation of neutrophils and peritoneal macrophage. Demonstration of phagocytic activity and calculating phagocytic index
45 – 46
Lymphocyte separation and lymphocyte proliferation
47 – 48
Tuberculin-type delayed type hypersensitivity reaction for detection of cell mediated immune response in diagnosis of TB, Johnes disease etc.
Suggested Readings
1. Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM & Strober W.
2003. Current Protocols in Immunology. 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Detrick B & Hamilton RG. (Eds). 2006. Manual of Molecular and Clinical
Laboratory Immunology. 7th Ed. American Society for Microbiology.
3. Hay FC & Westwood OMR. 2002. Practical Immunology. 4th Ed. Blackwell.
4. Mahy BWJ & Kangaro HO. 1996. Virology Methods Manual. Academic Press.
5. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B & Carter GR. 1994. Clinical Veterinary
Microbiology. Wolfe Publ.
Ph.D. Programme in Veterinary Microbiology as per ICAR guidelines
Minimum Credit Requirements:
S.N.
Subject
Credit Requirement
1
Major
17
2
Minor + Supporting
11
3
Seminar
02
4
Research
45
TOTAL
75
Major / Minor / Supporting Subjects:
Major Subject
Veterinary Microbiology
Minor + Supporting Subject
Animal Biotechnology
Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine
Veterinary Pathology
Veterinary Public Health
Veterinary Biochemistry
COURSE STRUCTURE
S.N.
Course No.
Title
Credits
Semester
1
VMC 701
Advances in Bacteriology
2+1=3
I
2
VMC 702
Advances in Mycology
2+1=3
I
3
VMC 703
Bacterial Genetics
2+1=3
I
4
VMC 704
Microbial Toxins
2+1=3
II
5
VMC 705
Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis
2+1=3
II
6
VMC 706
Advances in Virology
2+1=3
I
7
VMC 707
Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis
2+1=3
II
8
VMC 708
Structure Function Relationship of DNA
and RNA Viruses
3+0=3
II
9
VMC 709
Oncogenic Viruses
2+0=2
III
10
VMC 710
Slow Viral Infections and Prions
2+0=2
III
11
VMC 711
Molecular Immunology
2+1=3
I
12
VMC 712
Advances in Cellular Immunology
2+1=3
I
13
VMC 713
Cytokines and Immunomodulators
2+0=2
II
14
VMC 714
Advances in Vaccinology
2+0=2
III
15
VMC 715
Advances in Immunodiagnostics
1+1=2
III
16
VMC 716
Modern Immunotechnology
1+2=3
III
17
VMC 717
Current Topics in Infection and Immunity
3+0=3
III
18
VMC 718
Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology
2+1=3
II
19
VMC 790
Special Problem
0+2=2
IV
20
VMC 791
Doctoral Seminar I
1+0=1
II
21
VMC 792
Doctoral Seminar II
1+0=1
III
22
VMC 799
Doctoral Research
45
Semester-wise distribution of credits:
Semester Major Minor Research Total
I 6 3 9
II 7 3 10
III 6 5 11
IV 15 15
V 15 15
VI 15 15
TOTAL 19 11 45 75
TEACHING SCHEDULES
Advances in Bacteriology
Course No.
VMC- 701
Title
Advances in Bacteriology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
Advanced studies on cytology, biochemical activities, antigenic structure and molecular biology of bacteria
  • Structure and functions of cell wall of Gram positive bacteria, Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid
  • Structure anf functions of cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, LPS, Outer membrane protein, ECA.
  • Biosynthesis of cell walls.
  • Surface appendages: Capsule, flagella, fimbriae their structure composition and synthesis.
  • Bacterial spores: structure, composition, sporulation, germination
16
UNIT II
2
Advanced studies on pathogenicity, immunology and serology of bacteria:
  • Cell surface associated virulence mechanisms, role in prevention of phagocytosis, adherence to mucosal surface etc.
  • Other virulence factors viz. exotoxins and endotoxins
  • Bacterial antigens and immunogens: Surface structures as antigens, surface protective antigens.
  • Types and functions of bacterial components as adjuvants, their chemical structure, mechanism of action and uses
16
PRACTICAL
3
Biochemical, physiological and pathogenesis studies of various bacterial diseases:
  • Cell wall preparation
  • Extraction of LPS from E. coli and characterization
  • Extraction of teichoic acid and its characterization
  • Extraction of surface antigen using Triton X-100, SDS etc and their characterization
  • Demonstration of fimbriae and flagella
  • preparation of capsular extract and its characterization
  • Application of standard serological methods for disease diagnosis
16
Advances in Mycology
Course No.
VMC- 702
Title
Advances in Mycology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
Advanced studies on taxonomic genetics, physiology and antigenic characterization of pathogenic fungi.
  • Fungal classification, taxonomy and systematics
  • Cell biology and physiology
  • Functional genetics
16
UNIT II
Advanced studies on molecular approaches for identification of fungi and immunology and serology of mycoses.
  • Theory of molecular methods in veterinary mycology
  • Molecular methods in the diagnosis of fungal infection
  • Molecular methods in taxonomy and for the identification of fungal pathogens.
  • Strain typing techniques, sampling techniques and epidemiology
  • Immunology and serology of mycoses
16
PRACTICAL
  • Biochemical, physiological and pathogenesis studies of various fungal diseases.
  • Diagnosis of fungal infections
  • Specimen collection, direct examination, culture
  • Serological diagnosis
  • Molecular diagnosis
  • Histological diagnosis
  • Preservation and storage of fungi
16
Bacterial Genetics
Course No.
VMC- 703
Title
Bacterial Genetics
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
Lecture Nos.
Topic
No, of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
  • Procaryotic and Eucaryotic genome.
  • Replication of eucaryotic and procaryotic DNA.
  • Structure, classification and replication of plasmids, conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids, fertility plasmid, plasmid for antimicrobial resistance, colicins.
  • Mutation and mutagenesis: types of mutants, detection of mutants, molecular basis of mutations.
12
UNIT II
  • Biochemical genetic and gene mapping by recombination, fine gene structure analysis.
  • Gene transfer in bacteria
  • Transduction, transformation and conjugation and gene mapping by these processes.
10
UNIT III
  • Transposing elements, insertion sequences, transposons and bacteriophage, cosmids.
  • Gene cloning and gene sequencing.
  • Regulation of gene expression.
10
PRACTICAL
  • Mutagenesis of microorganisms by different methods.
  • Production, isolation and characterization of mutants.
  • Determination of mutation rate.
  • Isolation, characterization and curing of plasmids.
  • Transfer of plasmid by conjugation, electroporation.
  • Transfer of drug resistance by conjugation
  • Propagation and titration of phage
  • Tetrad and random spore analysis
16
Microbial Toxins
Course No.
VMC- 704
Title
Microbial Toxins
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
II
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
UNIT I
  • The role of microbial toxins in the pathogenesis of diseases;
  • Intracellular and extracellular toxins
  • Complex LPS toxin of cells walls
  • Biochemical and biological characteristics of toxins produced by various bacteria.
  • Toxin producing Gram positive and negative bacteria.
  • Properties and clinical conditions produced by different bacterial toxins with their mechanism of action
  • Immunology of toxins
  • Assay systems for toxins
24
UNIT II
  • Production, characterization, and study of pathogenicity of various fungal toxins: Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses: Properties and clinical conditions produced by different mycotoxins with their mechanism of action.
08
PRACTICAL
  • Isolation of toxigenic strains of bacteria from suspected material,
  • production of toxins in suitable media,
  • purification and characterization of toxins;
  • biological characterization in animal and in tissue culture;
  • Immunobiological studies of toxins
  • Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test
  • Characterization or mycotoxins
16
Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis
Course No.
VMC- 705
Title
Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
II
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
UNIT I
1
Molecular structure, production and mode of action of …
  • Bacterial Adhesins
  • Invasins
  • Impedins
  • Agressins
  • Modulins
  • Capsule
  • Flagella
  • Enzymes
  • Components of cell wall and
  • Siderophores
16
UNIT II
2
The production, structure and molecular mechanism of actions in causation of disease of..
  • Exotoxins
  • Endotoxins
  • Siderophores
  • Cytotoxins and
  • Plasmids
16
PRACTICAL
3
  • To study the production and effects of exotoxins and endotoxins, LPS and various enzymes produced by the bacteria on various cell culture and live animals.
16
Advances in Virology
Course No.
VMC- 706
Title
Advances in Virology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
  • Recent theories on origin and evolution of viruses.
  • Recent concepts in classification and nomenclature of viruses
  • Biology of RNA and DNA virus replication: Replication strategies in major families of RNA and DNA viruses.
  • Transcription and translation modes in major families of viruses
  • Biosynthesis of viral macromolecules
  • Strategies of release in different groups of viruses
  • Genomic organization and replication of a prototype member of each family
14
UNIT II
Current concepts in animal virus research with respect to
  • Viral Structure And Architecture
  • Viral Virulence
  • Viral Pathogenesis
  • Persistence and
  • Oncogenesis
08
Latest trends in the development of antivirals
  • Drugs interfering with attachment, penetration and uncoating
  • Drugs inhibiting virion associated enzymes and transcription of genome
  • Inhibitors of viral mRNA and translational processes
  • Inhibitors of viral RNA genome synthesis
  • Inhibitors of viral DNA replication
  • Drugs affecting late viral mRNA and late viral proteins
  • Interferon
08
UNIT IV
  • Cloning and expression in viral vectors
02
PRACTICAL
Separation and characterization of viral proteins, and nucleic acid by
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, column chromatography,
blotting techniques. Detection of viral components and viral antibodies by techniques viz. FAT, ELISA, PCR, Nucleic acid hybridization/ probes. Problem oriented practical assignments aimed at development of bioreagents and relevant diagnostic tests. Screening and evaluation of antiviral agents for efficacy and toxicity
16
Molecular & Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis
Course No.
VMC- 707
Title
Molecular & Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
II
Lecture Nos.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
Mechanisms of viral infection and spread through the body; detailed study of virus host interactions.
6
UNIT II
2
Host immune responses to viral infections; viral strategies to evade host immune responses.
6
UNIT III
3
Pathogenesis of viral diseases of various systems; animal models for studying viral pathogenesis; molecular and genetic determinants of viral virulence; mechanisms of viral virulence.
10
UNIT IV
4
Molecular and genetic determinants of viral persistence, viral oncogenesis, viral immunosuppression, and immunopathology. Animal models for studying viral pathogenesis.
10
PRACTICAL
5
Pathotyping of animal viruses using Newcastle disease virus as model; Determination of immunosuppressive potential of animal viruses using infectious bursal disease virus/ Marek’s disease virus/ chicken anemia virus; characterization of molecular determinants of viral virulence using variants, recombinants and reassortants; isolation and molecular characterization of viruses with varying virulence.
16
Structure Function Relationship of DNA & RNA Viruses
Course No.
VMC- 708
Title
Structure Function Relationship of DNA & RNA Viruses
Credits
3+0 = 3
Semester
II
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
UNIT I
1
  • Methods of studying virus structure and architecture;
  • methods of amplification of viral nucleic acids;
  • molecular characterization of viral protein and nucleic acid,
  • Nucleotide sequencing and its analysis by software programmes.
16
UNIT II
2
  • Detailed study of virus replication in various groups of animal viruses
  • DNA Virus families: Papovaviridae, Parovoviridae, Iridoviridae, Asfaviridae, Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Adenoviridae
  • RNA Virus families: Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Caliciviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae
16
UNIT III
3
  • Understanding the relationship between structure and function of animal DNA and RNA viruses
  • Development of modern vaccines and antivirals using the relationship between structure and function of animal DNA and RNA viruses
  • Drugs interfering with attachment, penetration and uncoating, Drugs inhibiting virion associated enzymes and transcription of genome, Inhibitors of viral mRNA and translational processes, Inhibitors of viral RNA genome synthesis, Inhibitors of viral DNA replication, Drugs affecting late viral mRNA and late viral proteins
16
Oncogenic Viruses
Course No.
VMC 709
Title
Oncogenic Viruses
Credits
2 + 0 = 2
Semester
III
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
UNIT I
1
  • General features of cell transformation
  • Characterization of transformed cells
  • Oncogenes and theory of oncogenesis
  • oncogenic virus- cell interaction
  • Oncogenic RNA and DNA viruses
  • expression of viral and cellular oncogenes
16
UNIT II
2
  • Mechanisms of viral oncogenesis
  • transformation mechanism
  • Properties of transformed cells
  • Virus interactions with the translation and replication mechanism
  • Virus interactions with cell protein maturation pathway
  • Effects of virus on cell structure and transformation
  • Diagnosis of viral oncogenesis
16
Slow Viral Infections & Prions
Course No.
VMC- 710
Title
Slow Viral Infections & Prions
Credits
2 + 0 = 2
Semester
III
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
UNIT I
  • Nature and classification of slow viral infections, Mechanism of infection
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, immunity, diagnosis
and control of ….
  • Visna,
  • Maedi,
  • Equine infectious anaemia
  • Caprine arthritis encephalitis
16
UNIT II
  • Properties and replication of prions.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, diagnosis and control
of various diseases caused by prions;
  • Transmissible mink encephalopathy
  • Scrapie
  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
  • Chronic wasting disease of deer
  • Recent trends in prion research.
Unclassified viruses: Nature, techniques for the isolation pathogenesis, control of these agents.
16
Molecular Immunology
Course No.
VMC- 711
Title
Molecular Immunology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lecture s
THEORY
UNIT I
1
  • Structure, functions and biosynthesis of immunoglobulins, allotypes, isotypes and idiotypes.
  • Recombinant antibodies
  • T and B-cell receptors
  • Origin of antibody diversity, immunoglobulin gene organization and assembly
  • T-cell receptor gene organization and assembly
  • Pathogen associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors in immunity.
  • Advances in characterization of antigens and superantigens,
  • epitope mapping.
  • Novel functions of immunoglobulins and their fragments produced by rDNA technology.
16
UNIT II
2
  • Cytokines and cytokine receptors: structure and function. Complement components genes and polymorphism.
  • MHC genes.
  • Evolutionary aspects of recombination activating genes-mediated immunity in vertebrates.
08
UNIT III
3
  • Immunoinformatics as applied to MHC molecules-peptide complexes and other molecules.
  • Immunoinformatics, databases and web resources
  • Immunoproteomics
  • Immunomics.
08
PRACTICAL
  • Purification of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses,
  • IgG fragments production by pepsin and papain digestion,
  • cytokine quantitation and detection by ELISPOT assay,
  • IgV gene amplification and sequencing,
  • Use of immunoinformatic tools for study of Ig genes.
  • Techniques of immunoelectrophoresis, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
16
Advances in Cellular Immunology
Course No.
VMC- 712
Title
Advances in Cellular Immunology
Credits
2+1 = 3
Semester
I
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
  • Hematopioetic stem cells and differentiation pathways of various leukocytes.
  • B and T lymphocyte repertoires.
  • Lymphocyte- endothelial cell interactions during lymphocyte emigration and recirculation, molecular mechanism of lymphocyte traffic and homing
  • Positive and negative selection
  • Antigen presenting cells,
  • T cell subsets, regulatory T cells,
  • Memory B and T cells.
  • NK cell biology.
16
UNIT II
2
  • Cellular interactions during immune response development: microenvironments, antigen processing and presentation, activation of B and T cells, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines in intercellular communication.
  • Signal transduction pathways in B and T cell activation.
08
UNIT III
3
  • Immunoregulation of B and T cell response.
  • Mucosal immune system.
  • Oral tolerance and its breakdown.
  • Advances in transplantation immunology.
  • SCID, gene-knockout and transgenic animals in immunobiology research.
08
PRACTICAL
4
  • Fluorescence activated and magnetic cell sorting of lymphocyte subsets
  • Lymphocyte proliferation assays using non-radioisotope methods
  • adoptive transfer of lymphocyte subsets
  • cytotoxic T cell assays
  • ELISPOT assays for enumeration of lymphocyte subsets secreting cytokines
  • Morphological and functional assays of blood monocytes
  • T-cell western immunoblot
16
Cytokines & Immunomodulators
Course No.
VMC- 713
Title
Cytokines & Immunomodulators
Credits
2 + 0 = 2
Semester
II
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
  • Cytokines and immunomodulators: definitions and classification, properties
  • Cytokines structure and functions.
  • Cytokine secretion by Th1 and Th2 subsets
  • Cytokine receptors: structural types and presence on different cells.
  • Roles in activation, division and differentiation of immune cells, and immunoregulation
16
UNIT II
2
  • Cytokine networks.
  • cytokines in reproductive processes and neuroendocrino-immunological interactions.
  • Therapeutic uses of cytokines
  • Immunomodulators in control of diseases.
  • Cytokines as adjuvants and imunomodulators.
  • Colony stimulating factors and other cytokines in stem cell research.
16
Advances in Vaccinology
Course No.
VMC- 714
Title
Advances in Vaccinology
Credits
2+0 = 2
Semester
III
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
  • Advances in vaccine development research.
  • Antigen identification and characterization employing newer molecular technologies such as microarrays,
  • in vivo expression technology,
  • signature-tagged mutagenesis and
  • phage display technology, etc.
16
UNIT II
2
  • Immunoinformatics as applied to epitope mapping,
  • T cell epitopes,
  • identification of pathogenic epitopes, etc.
  • Novel vaccines: nucleic acids, marker vaccines, mucosal vaccines, bacterial ghosts as vaccines, virus-like particles.
  • Futuristic vaccines: anti-allergic, anti-autoimmune diseases, deaddiction
  • vaccines, transplant survival/ prolonging vaccines etc.
16
Advances in Immunodiagnostics
Course No.
VMC- 715
Title
Advances in Immunodiagnostics
Credits
1+1= 2
Semester
III
Lecture Nos.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
  • Newer methods of immunodiagnosis
  • Simple, rapid, penside immunodiagnostic tests such as immunochromatofocussing, immunofiltration tests, etc.
  • Development of highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays such as immuno-PCR, use of luminescent substrates, etc.
  • Discriminant immunoassays for differentiating cross-reactive antigens.
  • Antibodies in biosensors.
16
PRACTICAL
  • Development of immunofiltration tests using monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of infectious diseases of animals.
  • Blocking ELISA to differentiate cross-reactive antigens.
16
Modern Immunotechnology
Course No.
VMC- 716
Title
Modern Immunotechnology
Credits
1+1= 2
Semester
III
THEORY
S.N.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
  • Historical developments in modern immunotechnology.
  • Hybridoma technology:
  • Advances in monoclonal antibody production.
  • Chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies.
08
UNIT II
  • Recombinant DNA technology for expression of antibody fragments: Fab, scFv, bispecific antibody, nanobody and various other antibody formats.
  • Modern uses of antibody fragments: biosensors, catalysis, therapeutics, in vivo imaging, microarrays, proteomics, etc.
08
PRACTICAL
  • Production of murine monoclonal antibody against antigens of infectious agents by hydridoma technique.
  • Production of phage display library of scFv or camel nanobody.
  • Selection of antigen-specific phage displayed antibody fragment by panning or other techniques.
16
Current Topics in Infection & Immunity
Course No.
VMC 717
Title
Current Topics in Infection & Immunity
Credits
3 + 0 = 3
Semester
III
Lecture Nos.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
Introduction and historical developments.
Host-pathogen relationship.
16
UNIT II
2
Effector mechanisms of specific and non specific immunity to different groups of microbes.
16
UNIT III
3
Immunobiology of major viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of animals.
Types of vaccines in infectious diseases and current trends in vaccine development.
16
Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology
Course No.
VMC- 718
Title
Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology
Credits
2 + 1 = 3
Semester
II
Lecture Nos.
Topic
No. of Lectures
THEORY
UNIT I
1
  • History of microbial biotechnology.
  • Microbes in nature.
  • Microbes as infectious agents of human and animals.
  • Host-microbe relationships.
  • Microbial metabolism and growth characteristics.
  • Microbial genetics.
06
UNIT II
2
  • Introduction to molecular biology of microorganisms:
  • DNA, RNA and proteins structure and functions.
  • DNA replication, RNA transcription,
  • Reverse transcription, protein translation, regulatory mechanisms. Bacterial extrachromosomal DNA elements
06
UNIT III
3
  • Genetic engineering: restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, DNA polymerases, RNases and DNases, other enzymes.
  • DNA sequencing.
  • Plasmids and phage-derived vectors, bacterial hosts for cloning and expression of transgenes.
  • Genomic libraries and sequencing.
  • Blotting of DNA, RNA and proteins.
  • Polymerase chain reaction.
  • Microarrays.
  • Metagenomics
10
UNIT IV
4
  • Expression of antigens and antibody fragments useful as diagnostic reagents and vaccines.
  • PCR and blotting techniques in infectious disease diagnosis.
  • Nucleic acid vaccines.
  • Vectored viral and bacterial vaccines.
  • Construction of defined mutants and marker vaccines using genetic manipulation techniques.
  • Display technologies for production of immunobiologicals.
  • Manipulation of microbial processes for production of industrially useful substances.
10
PRACTICAL
5
  • Extraction of nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria.
  • Restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA and resolution in agarose gel electrophoresis.
  • PCR amplification of DNA.
  • RT-PCR of RNA.
  • Insertion of DNA fragments into plasmid/phagemid/phage vectors. Construction of competent E. coli host cells.
  • Transformation and transfection of competent E. coli cells. Screening of transformants and isolation of clones.
  • DNA sequencing of clones/PCR amplicons.
  • Expression of genes of bacterial/viral antigens.
  • Use of PCR for infectious disease diagnosis.
16
Special Problem
Course No.
VMC- 790
Title
Special Problem
Credits
0 + 2 = 2
Semester
IV
S.N.
Topic
1
Short research problem(s) involving contemporary issues and research
techniques
Sr. No.
Title of the thesis
Name of the student
Name of the guide
Year of submission
1
Studies on the post-vaccinal agglutinating response in calves vaccinated with Brucella strain 19 vaccine.
Dr. Kulkarni P. H.
Dr. D.T.  Parnaik
1962
2
Assessment of the haemagglutinating property of South African horse sickness virus.
Dr. Nawathe D. R.
Dr.D.T.Parnaik
1962
3
Studies on the haemagglutination Titers of Ranikhet diseases virus subsequent to inoculation in chick embryo by various routes.
Dr. Sabnis M. G.
Dr. D.T.Parnaik
1962
4
Bacterial flora from cervico-vaginal region from buffaloes repeating to service, from dairy units,Bombaysuburbs.
Dr. Babras M. A.
Dr. D.T.Parnaik
1962
5
Studies on the post-vaccinal reactions in Fowls vaccinated withNewcastledisease
(Ranikhet) vaccine Mukteshwar strain, with special reference to haemagglutination inhibition Titers.
Dr. Paranjape V. L.
Dr. D.T.Parnaik
1962
6
Observation on bacterial flora of nose & throat of sick dogs with clinically non-respiratory affections
Dr. Singh G. K.
Dr.D.T.Parnaik
1962
7
Bacterial flora of the Bottled & Unbottled Milk inBombay.
Dr. Pandit S. V.
Dr.D.T.Parnaik
1962
8
A study of some of the (Bacterial) agents isolated from infected uteri in buffaloes with biological studies in Rabbits.
Dr. Kulkarni V. B.
Dr. S.L.Manjarekar
1964
9
Study of Bacterial isolates from “Dead-In-Shell” chick Embryos.
Dr. Mulbagal A. N.
Dr. S.L.Manjarekar
1966
10
Bacterial flora of the normal porcine uterus.
Dr. Zakis
Dr. S.L.Manjarekar
1966
11
Studies on interference phenomenon & Booster effects of La Sota
Dr. Asrit K.
Dr. S.L.Manjarekar
1966
12
A study on the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract of sheep.
Dr. Dudalia M. N.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1968
13
Studies on some of the properties ofNewcastledisease virus in chicken tissue culture cells.
Dr. Khot J. B.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1968
14
Studies on the Bacterial flora of the chick & duck Hatcher Flutt.
Dr. Raghbir Singh
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1968
15
Dermotophytosis in Domestick Animals inBombay.
Dr. Sasane M. S.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1968
16
Studies on the post-vaccinal reactions in chicks vaccinated with spirochactosis vaccine with special reference to its Immunity pattern.
Dr. Padalkar M. G.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1972
 
 
17
A study on the Bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract ofBuffalocalves
Dr. Kalyankar V. V.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1973
18
Studies on Measles Heamagglitination Inhinition Test For Detection of Antibodies To Rinderpest
Dr. Kulkarni V. B.
Dr.V.B.Kulkarni
1973
19
Studies on Complement Fixing Antibodies in Crossbred Calves Vaccinated with Polyvalent FMDV vaccine
Dr. Manda A.V
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1975
20
A study on the Immunity Pattern in baby chicks vaccinated with Lasota strain ofNewcastledisease Virus
Dr. Ashrit Krishna
Dr.S.L.Manjrekar
1966
21
A study of multiplication pattern of Lasota strain ofNew castledisease virus in growing chick embryo by various routes.
Dr. Kukade S. V.
Dr.S.L.Manjrekar
1966
22
A Study of Microbial Agents Associated with Lamb Mortality
Dr. Mishal P.H.
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1977
23
A study of Psychrophilic bacteria from Frozen Foods.
Dr. Panse S. K.
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1978
24
Studies on Canine Distemper Virus
Dr. Shikhare J.K
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1978
25
A study on Bacterial content of ovary & Oviduct of Fowl.
Dr. Dhokarikar S. D.
 
1979
26
Some studies on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
 
Dr. Kulkarni A. B.
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1979
27
A study of the Kinetics of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chick Embryo
Dr. Thakkar Urmi
Dr.K.N.Joishy
1980
28
A Comparative study of serum antibodies (IgG1, and IgG2) in the diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis
Dr.T.N.Hindocha
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1980
29
Serodiagnosis in Brucella with special reference to yhe Quantitation of specific 19G1, 19G2, & IgM Antibodies in vaccinated & infected cattle.
Dr. Das A. M.
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1981
30
Immunity Studies on Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry
Dr. Joshi A.S
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1982
 
31
Comparative studies on field isolate (AMVP-1) of infectious bursal disease virus and a commercial vaccine
Dr.N.N.Zade
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1982
32
Use of Immunofluroscence test & Immunoperoxidase Test for the study of New castle Disease virus.
Dr. Rana V. G.
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1983
33
Charcterisation and Quantitation of Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus) Immunoglobulin G
Dr. Ahrestani S.R
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1983
34
Study of An Avian Adenovirus Isolate: Physico-chemical and Biological Properties.
Dr. Gogate B.Y
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1984
35
Cellular and Humoral Immune Competence in Chhicks experimentally infected with Marek’s Disease and Inclusion Body Hepatitis Viruses
Dr. Mukherjee S.R
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1986
36
Immunomodulatory Effects of Some Antibiotic Feed Additives in Broilers
Dr. Vishnupurikar V.N
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1986
37
Immune Profile of Chickens in Infectious Bursal Disease and Inculsion Body Hepatitis
Dr.S.N.Talreja
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1986
38
Study on Immunity toNewcastleDisease in Broiler Chickens Vaccinated with Inactivated R2B and Lasota Vaccines
Dr. Bhojane R M
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1987
 
39
Comparison of The Rapid Rabies Enzyme Immuno-Daignosis (RREID) Technique with The Routinely used rabies Diagnosis Tests
Dr. Sahasrabuddhe M.G
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1988
40
A study of Gram negative bacteria and mycoplasma from cases of chronic respiratory disease in broilers
Dr. Limaye V.V
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1988
41
Isolation and Identification of pathogenic Bacteria associated with Mastitis in Buffaloes with special reference to Mycotic agents
Dr.R.V.Kothe
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1989
42
A study of Incidence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli From Diarrhoea cases in various species of Domesticated Animals
Joshi.M.V
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1989
43
Laboratory Studies on Canine Respiratory Disease
Bonde A.V
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1990
44
Studies on Post Vaccination Immune Response in cattle with B.Abortus strain 19 vaccine
D.M.Muglikar
Dr. A.N. Mulbagal
1992
45.
Influence of continuous administration of Lactobacilli on colonization and immunity in broilers
Dr. D.S. Kamble
Dr. A. N. Mulbagal
1992
46
Present status of bacteriological and mycological evaluation of raw milk sold in the city ofBombay
Dr.R.M.Gosavi
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1992
47
Microbiological analysis of raw milk and fermented milk products
Dr.Ramod.A.G
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1994
48
Microbial and Toxicological Analysis of some milk Products
Dr.V.V.Panvelkar
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1994
49
Surveillance of Foot and Mouth Disaese Virus fromBuffaloand Cattle Meats and other Tissues
Dr.K.R.Shingal
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1995
50
Tissue Culture Studies of Bovine Viruses
Dr. D.V.Undegaonkar
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1995
51
Analysis of pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi from Frozen Milk Products
Dr.Vibha Kumari
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1995
52
Bacteriological and fungal evaluation of Raw Milk from Bulk Containers and Chilling Plants
Dr.C.A.Kate
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1995
53
Surveillance of Infectious Bursal Disease, Inclusion Body Hepatitis and Newcastle Disease on farms located in Raigad and Thane Districts and Evaluation of A combined vaccine in Poultry
Dr.A.Balasubramaniam
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1996
54
Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Farm and Abattoir animals in and around Mumbai
Dr.A.B.Kasalkar
Dr. A. M. Das
1997
55
Isolation of Inclusion Body Hepatitis (Leechi Disease) Virus and its effect on vaccination in Broilers
Dr.M.A.Patil
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1997
56
A study on bacterial subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes of Mumbai
Dr. Binu Gopinath
Dr. A. M. Das
1998
57
Detection of Viruses From Irradiated and Non Irradiated Poultry Meat
Dr. S.A.Pansare
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
1998
58
Isolation and Identification of Virus From Poultry
Dr.G.S.Darban
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
1998
59
Serosurvellance of Poultry Diseases in Konkan Region
Dr.V.G.Ramteke
Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar
1998
60
Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Organic Acids on The Infectivity of Serotype ‘O’ Foot and Mouth Disease Virus inBuffaloMeat
Dr.S.D.Sontakke
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
1999
61
A Comparison of ELISA with Conventional Tests in Serodiagnosis ofNewcastleDisease and Infectious Bursal Disease.
Dr.Nithya Sambasivan
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
1999
62
A Study on isolation and serological profile of some common bacterial pathogens in Pigs
Dr.P.N.Rathod
Dr. A. M. Das
1999
63
Survey of Cattle andBuffalofor Encephalitides in Mumbai and Thane District
Dr.M.B.Shirke
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2000
64
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus
Dr.H.K.Naikare
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2000
65
Isolation of Hydropericadium Syndrome (HPS)  virus from the Konkan Region
Dr.M.U.Despande
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2000
66
Serosurveillance and isolation ofNewcastledisease virus and infections bursal disease virus in Vidharbha region
Dr.Miss.V. R. Rane
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2001
67
Serological response of cattle and buffaloes against oil adjuvanted inactivated infection bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine
Dr. D. R. Patil
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2001
68
Prevalence of encephalitides in Sheep and Goats
Dr. M. Nair
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2001
69
Effect of vaccination immunostimulant and antibiotics on antibodies of serogolically Brucella positive cows
Dr. V. P. Jadhav
Dr. A. M. Das
2002
70
Molecular profile of field veloganic strain of Newcstle disease virus before and after irradiatin
Dr. A. M. Sahare
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2002
71
Detection of encephalitides from buffalo and goat brains slaughtered in Mumbai and Thane Districts.
Dr. Hamidmiy A.R
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2002
72
Immune responses to in-ovo inoculation of irradiated and unirradiated isolates ofNewcastlediseases virus in chicks.
Dr. Sivakumar D.
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2003
73
Studies on molecular profile of velogenic strain ofNewcastledisease virus.
Dr. S. P. Awandkar
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2003
74
Detection of Brucellosis in Buffaloes employee milk ELISA
Dr. S. N. Tawade
Dr. A. M. Das
2003
75
Cultivation and purification of toxins of clostridia causing gas gangrene.
Dr. Miss.M. M. Pawade
Dr. A. M. Das
2004
76
Prufication and potency testing of Clostridium tetani toxin
Dr.Miss.S. A. Bhokare
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2004
77
Potency testing of commercial equine antirabies serum
Dr. W. B. D’mello
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2004
78
Standardization of Novel gamma irradiated in-ovoNewcastledisease vaccine
Dr. S. S. Koratkar
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2004
79
Potency testing of gas gangrene antitoxin
Dr. P. S. Sabade
Dr. A. M. Das
2004
80
Comparison between two commercial combined vaccines ofNewcastledisease and avian infectious bronchitis virus by using spray method in broilers
Dr. V. S. Ghanabahadur
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2005
81
Studies in herpes virus of Turkey (HVT)  in chick embryo fibroblast cell culture
Dr. R. M. Nagane
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2005
82
Effect of deuterated water (D20) onNewcastle disease virus.
Dr. Ms. K.D. Sakhare
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2005
83
Serological observation on Buffaloes Vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB 51
Dr. M. B. Raut
Dr. A. M. Das
2005
 
 
 
84
Efficacy of Marek’s disease vaccines
Dr. Yashwanth S. L.
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2006
85
Effects of heavy water on growth and morphology of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis
Dr. S. B. Chikbire
Dr. A. M. Das
2006
86
Antibiotic sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine Mastitis and Canine skin infection.
Dr. R. L. Chavan
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2007
87
Characterization ofNewcastledisease virus isolated from Poultry.
Dr. D. B. Karmakar
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2007
88
Cell culture studies of virulent Marek’s Disease virus
Dr. Ms. S. S. Karikkathil
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2007
89
In vitro effect of nano particulate drug delivery stystem with new anti-tuberculous drug
Dr. V. B. Khurud
Dr. A. M. Das
2007
90
In vitro effect of nano particulate drug delivery system with new anti-tuberculous drug.
Dr. R. E. Gaikwad
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2007
91
Cell Culture studies of Virulent Marek’s Disease Virus
Dr.K.S.Sivadasan
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2007
92
Characterization ofNewcastleDisease Virus Isolated from Poultry
Dr.K.D.Bikash
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2007
93
RNA-Page Analysis of Rota Virus from Calves and children
Dr. Prem Sagar
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2008
94
In vitro efficacy of Rifampicin and nanoparticulate Rifampicin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Dr. Ms. S. P. Gaikwad
Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage
2008
95
In-vitro  efficacy  of  Nanoparticulate  Doxycycline   against Brucella abortus
Dr. S. T. Kothawale
Dr. A. S. Bannalikar
2008
96
In vitro efficacy of ethambutol and new cell wall modulators against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Dr. Ms. D. M. Joshi
Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage
2009
97
In vitro efficacy of Rifampicin and nanoparticulate Rifampicin against Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium
Dr. Ms. K. D. Kadam
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2009
98
Efficacy of Nanoparticulate Rifampicin Against B. abortus
Dr. S. N. Deore
Dr. A. S. Bannalikar
2009
99
Molecular characterization of Rotaviruses
Dr. Anjan Mondal
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2009
100
Molecular Charcterization of F, HN and M Genes ofNewcastleDisease Virus Strains
Dr. Ms. T.S.Patil
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2010
101
Characterization of biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus from bovine Mastitis
Dr  Ms. D. R. Mankar
Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Ganage
2010
102
Molecular Charcterization of VP2 gene of Infectious Bursal Disaese Virus Strains
Dr. Ms. S.N.Gawande
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2010
103
Evaluation of BCSP31 and IS711 PCR assays in detection of bovine and human brucellosis.
Dr. A.S.Aher
Dr. A. S. Bannalikar
2010
104
Detection of Brucella spp in occupationally exposed humans by serological, bacteriological and molecular techniques
Dr. A. A.Suryawanshi
Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Ganage
2011
105
Detection of Brucella spp. from animals by conventional and molecular techniques
Dr.D.S.Madale
Dr. A. S. Bannalikar
2011
106
Molecular Charcterization of Avian Reovirus
Dr.J.D.Sawte
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2012
Sr. No.
Title of the thesis
Name of the student
Name of the guide
Year of submission
1
A study of some aspects of cainine distemper virus
Dr. V.L. Paranjape
 Dr.S.M.Ajinkya
1975
2
Dietary Proteins and Immunity in Chicks
Dr. V.G Patil-Kulkarni
Dr. Jacob Eapen
1978
3
Studies on some Aspects of Canine Parvovirus
Dr. A.A Sherilar
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1985
5
A Study on Bacterial Abortions in Bovines
Dr.A.M.Das
Dr.V.L.Paranjape
1986
6
Studies on Viruses from Various Meats
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
1999
7
Effect of Deuterated water on selected Bacteria and Bacterial vaccines
Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar
2007
8
Efficacy of Nanoparticulate Antimycobacterial Drugs Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Dr.P.R.Suryawanshi
Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee
2010
9
Efficacy of Biodegradable Lipid Glyceryl Monostearate Lipomer of Doxycycline Against Brucella Abortus
Dr.P.P.Mhase
Dr. A. S. Bannalikar
2012
Sr. No.
Authors
Title
Journal / Year of publication
Vol. / Page nos.
1
Gopinath B., Das A. M., Sherikar, A.A and Gandge R. S.
Trypsin inhibition spot test in the determination of Bovine subclinical Mastitis
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2003
11: 12-14
2
Das A. M., Kasalkar, Sherikar A.A., Majee S.B., Gandge R. S. & Rathod P. N.
Application of DOT-ELISA in the serological survey of brucellosis among buffaloes
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2004
12:  25 -27
3
Majee S.B.,  Rane V.R. Sherikar A.A. Das A.M.& Awandkar S.P.
Serosurveillance & isolation ofNewcastledisease & Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Vidarbha Region.       
Indian Veterinary Journal / 2005
 
 
82: 300-304
4
S.B.Majee and A.A. Sherikar
Detection and isolation of FMDV from fresh and frozen meats
The Blue Cross Book / 2005
24: 41– 48
5
Gandge R.S., Karpe A.G. & Gujar M.B.
Curing of drug resistant & virulent plasmids of of Escherichi coli
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2005.
13: 28-29
6
Awandkar, S.B.Majee, A.A. Sherikar and V. S. Ghanbahaddur
Characterization of structural fourteen of velogenic field isolate and vaccine strain (R2B and lasota) NDV by PAGE-SDS 
Indian Journal
Animal science / 2006
 
 
76: 188-190
7
Das A. M. & Sherikar A. A.
In vitro antibacterial activity of two herbal feed supplements against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae & pilosicoli
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
15
8
Majee S. B., Sherikar A. A, Shetty V. H. Angadi S. A., Karmakar D. B. & Karikkathil S. S.
Enterobacter Sakazakii : Enterotoxin production and Invitro Cytotoxicity
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
15: 101-102
9
Majee S.B., Sherikar A. A., Gaikwad R. E. Khurud V. B., Suryawanshi P.R., Sagar P., Gaikwad S.P., Kothawale S.T.
Study of seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in goats.
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
15: 137-138
10
S. B. Majee
BSE & VCJD : latest strategies in treatment (Review article)
Vets. Communications / 2007
2: 8-12
11
Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,
Aerobic Bacterial flora of subclinical Goat Mastitis in Vidharbha region ofMaharashtra
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege  / 2007
 
 
15: 50-51
 
 
12
Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,
Antibiogram of aerobic bacteria associated with Goat Mastitis
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
 
15: 52-54
13
Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,
Comparative efficacy of different direct and indirect tests for diagnosis of Mastitis in goats
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
 
15: 59-62
14
Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,
Characterization of Staphylococci of caprine mastitis.
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007
 
15: 129-130
15
Sivakumar D., Majee S.B., Chander R.
Cell mediated immune response of chicks to in-oivo vaccination with irradiated ND vaccine
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2008
 
 
16:  54-56
16
Kadam D.P., Palampalle H.Y., Mhase P.P., Sabale S.S., Shinde P.R., Yerolkar A.J., Rathod S.B., Nehete R.S.
A rare case of Sarcocystis muris in laboratory mice
 
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2008
 
16: 61-62.
17
R.S.Gandage and A.A. Sherikar
Effect of Deutrium oxide on growth of Salmonella Gallinarum
Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2008
29: 63-64
18
Karikkathil S.S. S.B. Majee, D.B. Karmakar R.E. Gaikwad V.B. Khurud
Detection & characterization of virulent Mareks’disease  virus in cell culture  
IJCMIID / 2008
 
29:   9-11.
 
19
V.S. Madnalwar, M.P. Sawane, V.D. Pawar, P.A. Patil, A.P. Fernandis and A.S. Bannalikar
Genotyping the prolactin gene in Pandharpuri Buffaloes By PCR-RFLP
BuffaloBulletin / 2010
29: 88-91
20
Joshi, D.M., Deore, S.N., Kadam, K.D., Mondal, A., Suryawanshi, P.R., Dhage, R.V., Majee, S.B., Gandage, R.S. and Bannalikar, A.S.
Detection and titration of antirabies IgG from serum and cerebrospinal fluid
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2010
18: 76-77
21
Gandage, R.S., Sherikar, A.A. and Majee, S.B.
Effect of deuterium oxide on morphology and colony characters of various bacteria
Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2010
18: 75-76
 
22
Gandage, R.S. and Sherikar, A.A.
Thermostabilizing property of deuterium oxide on haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine
Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2010
31
23
Gandge R.S., Sherikar A.A. and Majee S.B.
Thermostabilizing property of  deuterium oxide on morphology and colony characters of various bacteria
J. Bom. Vet. Coll. / 2010
 
18 (1) :
75-76
24
Anjan Mondal, S. B. Majee and A. S. Bannalikar
RNA-PAGE analysis of rotavirus isolated from diarrhoeic faecal samples of bovine and children
J. Interacad. / 2010
14 (3) :
355-358
25
Mahajan, M.V. Gadekar Y. P, Dighe V. D, Kokane R. D, Bannalikar A. S
Molecular detection of meat animal species targeting MT 12S rRNA gene
Meat Science / 2011
88: 23-27
26
Londhe SP, Bannalikar AS and Dighe VD.
Serodetection of bovine
brucellosis by RBPT and AB-ELISA
Animal Science Reporter / 2011
5:69-73
27
Anjan Mondal, S.B. Majee, A.S. Bannalikar
 
Molecular Characterization of VP7 Gene of Bovine Group A Rotavirus
Animal Science Reporter / 2011
5: 27-33
28
Londhe SP, Bannalikar AS and Dighe VD.
 
Detection of Brucella abortus in buffalo blood and milk by IS711 PCR assay
Journal of  Veterinary Public Health / 2011
In Press
29
Londhe SP, Aher AS,BannalikarASand Dighe VD.
Evaluation of efficacy of BCSP 31 kDa and IS711 PCR assays in detection of bovine brucellosis
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences / 2011
In Press
30
Aher A.S., Londhe S.P., Bannalikar A.S., Mhase P.P. and Dighe VD
 
Detection of brucellosis in occupationally exposed humans by molecular and serological techniques
Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2011
In Press
31
Anjan Mondal, Ranjit Aich, S.B. Majee and A.S. Bannalikar
 
Determination of bovine rotavirus G serotype by polymerase chain reaction
Trop. Anim. Health Prod. / 2011
In Press
32
R.S.Gandage and Sherikar, A.A.
Effect of deuterium oxide on growth of Pasteurella multocida
Indian of Journal of Animal Science / 2011
In Press
 
33
Anjan Mondal, S. B. Majee and A. S. Bannalikar
VP7 gene specific RT-PCR for detection of human rotaviruses from stool samples
J. Interacad. / 2011
15:107-111
34
Anjan Mondal, V. S. Dangle and S. B. Majee
An outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) dairy herds inKolhapur,India
Ind. Vet. J ./ 2011 .
 
In Press
35
 Guhagarkar S. A., Majee S. B.,  Samad A and Devarajan  P. V.
 
Evaluation of pullulan-functionalized doxorubicin nanoparticles for asialo glycoprotein receptor-mediated uptake in Hep G2 cell line
Cancer Nanotechnology:BasicTranslational and Clinical Research / 2011
 
 Online First
 
36
 Kakwani M D,  Suryavanshi P S, Muktikant Ray , M. G. R. Rajan , Majee S B,
Samad A, Padma Devarajan , Mariam S. Degani
Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of cinnamide derivatives:
A molecular hybridization approach
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters / 2011
 
21: 1997–1999
37
Aher A. S, Londhe S.P, Mhase P.P, Bannalikar A. S, Dighe V. D.
Comarison of serological methods for the detectin of B. abortus antibodies in sera from infected bovines
The Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians / 2011
In Press
Sr. No.
Project title
Year
Funding agency
Budget
(In Rs.)
1
Microbiological Surveillance of raw milk and milk products sold in the city ofBombayand its suburbs
1992-1995
ICAR 
7,49,700/-.
2
Detection of RPV and FMDV in deboned and deglanded buffalo meats
1993-1994
APEDA
3,16,500/-
3
Serosurveillance of important viral diseases of poultry in the Konkan region and efficacy of combined vaccinations
1995-1999
ICAR
14,32,117/-
4
Detection of RPV and FMDV from irradiated buffalo meats
1996-1997
MFPI
7,40,000/-
5
Surveillance of viral encephalitides in large and small ruminants in and around Mumbai city
2000-2003
ICAR
31,89,520/-
6
Development of a viral poultry vaccine using gamma radiations
2001-2004
BRNS.
10,20,150/-
7
Application of deuterated water (D2O) as a thermostabilizer in bacterial and viral vaccines
2004-2007
ICAR.
19,94,980/-
8
Modulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis barriers: Design and Development Strategies
2007-2010
DBT
89,22,800/-
Sr. No.
Project title
Investigator (s)
Funding agency
Total outlay
1
Pilot Rabies Control Project
Dr. A.S.Bannalikar
Dr. Mrs. S.B. Majee
Dr.S.D.Jagadale
 
MSD Animal Health, Pune
 
54, 63, 517/-
2
Nanotechnology based diagnostic module for detection of brucellosis
 
Dr. Mrs. S.B. Majee
ICMR,New Delhi
18, 44, 524/-
3
Speciation of meat using molecular techniques
Dr. A.S. Bannalikar
Dr. R.D. Kokane
Dr.S.D.Jagadale
 
Revolving funds
BVC Mumbai
92, 047/-
 
4
Development of Gossypol-free Lysine-rich Cottonseed cake By Solid State Fermentation
Dr. A.S. Bannalikar
Dr. P.P. Mhase
Dr. N.R. Karambele
ICAR, NFBSFARA
28, 50, 000/-

PROFESSORS

  1. Dr. D. T. Parnaik                                    1955 – 1963
  2. Dr. S. L. Manjrekar                                1963 – 1964
  3. Dr. S P. Kaduskar                                   1964 – 1966
  4. Dr. V. B. Kulkarni                                    1966 – 1974
  5. Dr. V. L. Paranjape                                 1974 – 1989
  6. Dr. A. N. Mulbagal                                  1989 – 1993
  7. Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar                       1993 – 2006
  8. Dr. A. M Das                                            2006 – 2007