Veterinary Microbiology

UG Syllabus

Undergraduate Syllabus and Lecture Schedules of Veterinary Microbiology

Course Structure

Sr. No.	Course No.	Title	Credits	Semester
1	VMC 211	General Veterinary Microbiology	1+1=2	III
2	VMC 221	Veterinary Immunology & Serology	1+1=2	IV
3	VMC 311	Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology	2+1=3	V
4	VMC 321	Systematic Veterinary Virology	2+1=3	VI
5	VLD 421*	Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry & Diagnosis	0+1=1	VIII

(* VLD 421 course is to be taught by Departments of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology and Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology)

Teaching Schedules

General Veterinary Microbiology

Course No.	VMC – 211
Credits	1+1=2
Semester	III
Year	Second

THEORY

S. N.	Topic outline
1.	Introduction and History Highlights of developmental history of Veterinary Microbiology Scope of Veterinary Microbiology
2.	Classification and Nomenclature Unicellular organisms- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Kingdom Prokaryote and its four division (Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology) Basis of classification and nomenclature of microorganisms
3.	Morphology and Structure Morphology: Shape, size, arrangement and morphological variations Structure: Structure of bacterial cell, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, mesosomes, chromatin material
4.	Structure contd: Capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospore, plasmids, inclusions (volutin / metachromatic granules etc)
5.	Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria Growth requirements: Temperature, pH, gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide etc), moisture etc. Nutrition: Nutritional types (Autotrophs, heterotrophs, phototrophs, lithotrophs etc), Nutrient requirements (Macro and micronutrients)
6.	Growth and Reproduction Measurement of bacterial growth, methods of estimating total and viable count Bacterial growth curve
7.	Infection Definitions: Infection, infectious disease, contagious disease, non-contagious disease etc. Types of infection– primary, secondary, cross, nosocomial, iatrogenic infection, localized infection, generalized infection, Bacteremia, septicemia, toxaemia etc. Sources of infection-animal, human, insects, inanimate Transmission of infection– Modes of transmission, direct & indirect contact etc.
8.	Pathogenicity and Virulence Factors determining the ability of organism to produce disease, pathogenicity, virulence, invasiveness, toxigenicity: endotoxin and exotoxin Resistance and susceptibility of host Host factors- breed, species, individual factors- age, physiological & nutritional status, use of antibiotics or corticosteroids etc.
9.	Bacterial genetics Phenotypic and Genotypic variations Chromosomal DNA, plasmids, F factor, Col factor, R Factor Methods of transmission of genetic material in microorganisms: Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation etc Antibiotic resistance: Genetic mechanisms, mutational, plasmid-mediated
10.	Mycology: Introduction, Scope of Mycology, Morphology of fungi, yeasts and molds
11.	Growth and nutrition of fungi Reproduction in fungi: Asexual and Sexual, Definitions of different types of sexual and asexual spores. Classification of fungi
12.	Virology: General properties of virus, comparison of viruses and other microorganisms, definitions of different terms Morphology & Structure of viruses – shape, size, symmetry, capsid, envelope, pepleomers etc. Chemical composition of viruses – nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates Resistance of virus to physical and chemical agents.
13.	Purification of Viruses: Liberation of virus from infected cells, purification by centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, other methods Cultivation of viruses: Animal inoculation, Chick embryo inoculation, cell culture
14.	Replication of viruses Single step growth curve, essential steps involved in multiplication, Replication of DNA viruses Replication of RNA viruses
15.	Cell-virus interaction Cytopathic effect, mechanisms of damage caused by viruses, cytocidal, non-cytocidal cell virus interactions, viral interference, interferon, pathogenesis of viral infection
16.	Viral genetics Mutation, recombination, genetic reassortment and reactivation Non genetic interaction- Transcapitation, complmentation, phenotypic mixing and polyploidy

PRACTICAL

S.N.	Practical / Experiment
1.	Equipments / Set-up of Microbiology laboratory General instructions for safety in Microbiology laboratory
2.	Sterilization-Methods of sterilization Physical: Heat (dry / moist), Filtration: Different types of filters (Seitz / Membrane etc.); Radiation: Ultraviolet Preparation of materials for sterilization, Demonstration of working of Hot air oven, autoclave, instrument sterilizer, inspissator, Seitz and membrane filters etc.
3.	Disinfection, antisepsis and asepsis Demonstration of method of estimation of phenol coefficient of chemical disinfectants
4.	Bacterial Staining techniques Simple staining: Methylene blue and Leishman’s stains
5.	Differential staining – Gram’s staining
6.	Differential staining – Acid-fast staining / Z. N. staining
7.	Special staining – Metachromatic granules (Albert’s stain), capsule (Hiss or negative staining) and spore staining (Schaffer and Fulton’s staining)
8.	Bacterial motility Study of bacterial motility by hanging drop preparation
9.	Preparation of culture media Liquid media-Nutrient broth; Solid media-Basal- Nutrient Agar Enriched media- Blood Agar; Differential media- Mac Conkey’s agar, Indicator media- EMB Agar
10.	Aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of bacteria Culture Methods: Slant cultures, stab cultures, streak cultures, liquid cultures Anaerobic cultivation: Demonstration of anaerobic cultivation using McIntosh and Filde’s anaerobic jar, other methods of anaerobic cultivation viz. use of cooked meat medium etc.
11.	Isolation of bacteria in pure cultures Different methods of obtaining pure cultures of bacteria Isolation by streak plate method
12.	Cultural characteristics Study of cultural characteristics of bacteria on different media (solid and liquid)
13.	Morphological studies: Preparation of smear / film from bacterial culture, fixation, staining by Gram’s stain, morphological studies including shape, size, arrangement, staining reaction etc. Demonstration of slides of different organisms eg. Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., other Gram negative bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc.
14.	Biochemical characteristics: Demonstration of Carbohydrate metabolism-Sugar fermentation tests, Methyl Red, Voges- Proskauer test; Protein breakdown- Indole, Nitrate, H₂S production; Enzyme based tests- Catalase, oxidase, urease; Miscellaneous tests- Citrate test
15	Antibiotic sensitivity test– Disc diffusion technique
16.	Slide culture technique and lactophenol cotton blue staining for fungus examination

TEXT BOOKS:
Text Book of Microbiology by R. Ananthnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker
Microbiology by Michael J. Pelczar, E.C.S. Chan and Noel R. Kreig
Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology by G.R. Carter and Darla J. Wise
Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
Veterinary Immunology & Serology

Course No.	VMC- 221
Credits	1+1=2
Semester	IV
Year	Second

THEORY

S. N.	Topic outline
1.	Historical development of Immunology. Introduction and scope of Veterinary Immunology
2	Immune system: Organs -central and peripheral lymphoid organs, Thymus, Bursa etc. Cells involved in immunity: Lymphocytes – classes, development of different types
3	Cells involved in immunity contd. T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) – MHC classes, structure, role
4	Immunity: Definition, types of immunity- innate immunity, mechanisms of innate immunity (non-specific defense)
5	Immunity contd.: Acquired immunity – active and passive immunity
6	Immune response: Humoral and cellular immune response; Primary and secondary immune response
7	Antigen: Definition, properties and types of antigen, specificity of antigens, blood group antigens, Antigenic determinant / epitope, Factors influencing immunogenicity
8	Antibodies: Immunoglobulin structure, site and mechanism of antibody formation; theories of antibody production
9	Antibodies: Structure, properties and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins Hybridoma technique and monoclonal antibodies
10	Complement system: Complement components, Activation of complement by classical, alternate and mannose binding pathways.
11	Antigen-antibody reactions: General features of antigen-antibody reactions, antibody affinity, avidity, specificity; forces binding antigen and antibody
12	Principle and applications of precipitation and agglutination reactions; phagocytosis, opsonic index
13	Principle and applications of complement fixation, neutralization, cytolysis, toxin-antitoxin neutralization, immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays
14	Hypersensitivity: Definition, types of hypersensitivity- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, mechanisms of different types of hypersensitivity reactions
15	Autoimmunity: Definition, mechaimsms, classification of autoimmune disorders with examples. Immunological tolerance.
16	Biologicals: Vaccines – inactivated, live and modern vaccines their advantages and disadvantages, adjuvants, quality control of vaccines

PRACTICAL

S.N.	Practical / Experiment
1.	Preparation of antigen Heat killed / formalinized whole cell bacterin Preparation of sheep RBC suspension for raising haemolysin
2	Raising of antisera Raising antiserum against particulate antigen e.g. haemolysin against sheep RBCs Raising antiserum against soluble antigen e.g. bovine serum albumin
3	Separation and concentration of immunoglobulins by ammonium sulfate precipitation method
4	Agglutination reactions: Plate / slide agglutination test e.g. RBPT for detection of Brucella antibodies Tube test e.g. standard tube agglutination test for detection of Brucella antibodies
5	Agglutination reactions contd.: Haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition tests
6	Agglutination reactions contd.: Indirect / passive haemagglutination test Latex co-agglutination test
7	Precipitation reactions: Agar gel precipitation test
8	Precipitation reactions contd.: Radial immunodiffusion (RID) Counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) Rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE)
9	Complement fixation test: Titration of complement and haemolysin
10	Complement fixation test: Complement fixation test proper
11	Immunoperoxidase test
12	Immunofluorescence test
13	Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Direct ELISA
14	ELISA: indirect, sandwich, dot-ELISA
15	Detection of cell mediated immunity: Demonstration of tuberculin testing
16	Visit to veterinary biologicals

TEXT BOOKS:

Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction by Ian R. Tizard
Text book of Microbiology by R. Anantnarayan and C.K.J. Paniker

Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology

Course No.	VMC-311
Credits	2+1=3
Semester	V
Year	Third

THEORY

S. N.	Topic outline
	Study of following pathogenic bacteria and fungi in relation to their, morphology, staining characters, isolation, growth requirements and cultural characters, biochemical properties, antigenic characters and toxins, pathogenicity, diagnosis and immunity
1.	Genus: Staphylococcus, Extracellular metabolites of Staphylococci
2	Staphylococcus aureus Short description of Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus epidermidis
3	Genus: Streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus equi
4	Genus: Streptococcus contd. Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus uberis
5	Genus: Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Short description of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus
6	Genus: Clostridum Types of Clostridia – Histotoxic, Neurotoxic, Enteropathogenic etc. Clostridium chauvoei Clostridium perfringens
7	Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Short description of other Clostridia.
8	Genus: Mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis
9	Genus: Mycobacterium contd. Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis
10	Family: Enterobacteriaceae- General features and classification Genus: Escherichia Escherichia coli
11	Genus: Salmonella Nomenclature of Salmonella, Salmonella enterica and its subspecies Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Choleraesuis Salmonella Pullorum Salmonella Gallinarum
12	Genus: Yersinia Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Yersinia enterocolitica
13	Genus: Klebsiella Klebsiella pneumoniae Genus: Proteus Proteus vulgaris Proteus mirabilis
14	Genus: Campylobacter Campylobacter fetus Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli
15	Genus: Brucella Brucella abortus Brucella meligensis Short description of B. canis and B. suis
16	Genus: Pasteurella Pasteurella multocida Genus: Manheimia Manheimia haemolytica
17	Genus: Pseudomonas Pseudomonas aeruginosa Genus: Burkholderia Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei
18	Genus: Moraxella Moraxella bovis Genus: Taylorella Taylorella equigenitalis Genus: Haemophilus Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus paragallinarum
19	Genus: Actinobacillus Actinobacillus lignieresii Genus: Actinomyces Actinomyces bovis

20	Genus: Listeria Listeria monocytogenes Listeria ivanovii
21	Genus: Arcanobacterium Arcanobacterium pyogenes Genus: Corynebacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Corynebacterium bovis
22	Genus: Nocardia Nocardia ratislav Genus: Dermatophilus Derlmatophilus congolensis
23	Spirochaetes Genus: Leptospira Leptospira interrogans serovars: icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, ratis, hardjo, ratislava, grippotyphosa, Leptospira borgpetersenii serovars: tarassovi, hardjo Genus: Borrelia Borrelia anserine Borrelia burgdorferi
24	Genus: Mycoplasma General characters of Mycoplasma Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (SC) Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (LC) Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (F38) Mycoplasma gallisepticum Short description of other species of Mycoplasma
25	Rickettsia General characters of Rickettsia Genus: Rickettsia and its important species Genus: Ehrilichia and its important species Coxiella burnetti
26	Chlamydia General characters of chlamydia Genus: Chlamydia Chlamydia suis Genus: Chlamydophila, Chlamydophila psittacii, Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila pecorum
27	Dermatophytes Genus: Microsporum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and other species affecting domestic animals Genus: Trichophyton, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum
28	Genus: Aspergillus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus flavus
29	Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Malassezia pachydermatis
30	Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma farciminosum Sporothrix schenckii
31	Zygomycoses: Mucormycosis, Entomophthomycosis Rhinosporidium seeberi
32	Fungi associated with mastitis and abortions in animals Mycotoxicoses

PRACTICAL

S.N.	Practical / Experiment
	Laboratory identification of agents of…..
1.	Mastitis: Collection of milk sample and processing for isolation of pathogen Identification of pathogen Staphylococcus spp. : Gram’s staining, colony characters, coagulase test
2	Mastitis contd.: Streptococcus spp.: Gram’s staining, colony characters, haemolytic properties, CAMP test Other pathogens: Gram’s staining, study of morphology and cultural characters, biochemical tests as required.
3	Haemorrhagic septicaemia: Collection of specimen viz. blood Preparation of blood smear, staining with Leishman’s stain, detection of bipolar rods Mouse inoculation test
4	Enteric infections: Collection specimens in regular and enrichment media Processing for isolation of agent and identification by.. E. coli: Gram’s stain, Growth on MacConkey’s agar & EMB agar, IMViC tests
5	Enteric infections contd: Identification of Salmonella, Klebsiella and other enteric pathogens on the basis of morphology and staining, cultural characters and IMViC tests
6	Brucellosis: Collection of specimens viz. Sera samples & other clinical material Serological tests: Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Tube agglutination test / ELISA Processing of clinical specimen for isolation of causative agent
7	Tuberculosis: Collection of specimen viz. tissues / organs Preparation of smear, staining by Z. N. staining method, detection of acid-fast bacilli Tuberculin test
8	Johne’s disease: Collection of specimen viz. rectal pinch Preparation of smear, staining by Z. N. staining method, detection of acid-fast bacilli Johnin test
9	Clostridial infections: Black quarter Methylene blue staining of exudate / tissue smear and microscopic observation for detection of Clostridium chauvoei Processing of material for isolation employing anaerobic culture methods Guinea pig inoculation
10	Clostridial infections: Enterotoxaemia Microscopic examination of clinical specimen viz. intestinal contents for detection of Gram positive bacilli Detection of toxin by mouse inoculation Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test.
11	Wooden tongue / lumpy jaw: Collection of specimen Preparation of smear, staining and microscopic examination
12	Anthrax: Collection of specimen, preparation of blood smear, staining by polychrome methylene blue stain and detection of Mac Fadyean reaction Demonstration of cultural characteristics
13	Glanders: Mallein testing
14	Aspergillosis: Collection specimen, direct examination of lactophenol cotton blue stained preparations Processing of specimen for isolation employing Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, identification on the basis of morphology and cultural characters
15	Dermatophytosis: Collection specimen viz. scrapings, direct examination of lactophenol cotton blue stained preparations Processing of specimen for isolation employing Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, identification on the basis of morphology and cultural characters
16	Yeasts: Candida albicans: Detection of Chlamydospores, germ tube technique Cryptococcus: Staining by India ink method and direct microscopic examination

TEXT BOOKS:

Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology by G.R. Carter and D.J. Wise
Text Book of Veterinary Microbiology by Prof. S.N. Sharma & S.C. Adlakha
Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology byI.A. Merchant & R. A. Packer

Systematic Veterinary Virology

Course No.	VMC – 321
Credits	2+1=3
Semester	VI
Year	Third

THEORY

S. N.	Topic outline
1	Brief History of virology, classification and important characteristics of various families of DNA.
	Study of following viruses causing diseases in livestock and poultry with reference to classification, morphology, physico-chemical properties, cultivation, antigenic characters, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and immunity
	DNA VIRUSES
2	Poxviridae : Cowpox, buffalo pox, fowl pox
3	Poxviridae contd.: Sheep pox, goat pox, lumpy skin disease, orf
4	Asfaviridae : African swine fever
5	Herpesviridae: Pseudorabies, Malignant catarrhal fever, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine abortions
6	Herpesviridae contd.: Marek’s disease and infectious laryngotracheitis
7	Adenoviridae: Infectious canine hepatitis
8	Adenoviridae contd.: Egg drop syndrome, Inclusion body hepatitis – Hydropericardium syndrome
9	Papillomaviridae: Papillomatosis
10	Parvoviridae: Canine parvovirus
11	Circoviridae: Chicken infectious anemia
	RNA VIRUSES
12	Orthomyxoviridae: swine influenza, equine influenza
13	Orthomyxoviridae contd.: Avian Influenza
14	Paramyxoviridae: Rinderpest, PPR
15	Paramyxoviridae contd.: Canine distemper
16	Paramyxoviridae contd.: Ranikhet disease
17	Flaviviridae: classical swine fever, bovine viral diarrhoea
18	Picornaviridae: Duck viral hepatitis
19	Picornaviridae contd.: Foot and Mouth disease
20	Rhabdoviridae: ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis
21	Rhabdoviridae contd.: Rabies
22	Coronaviridae: Avian infectious Bronchitis, Transmissible gastroenteritis
23	Togaviridae: Equine encephalitis (WEE, EEE and VEE)
24	Arteriviridae: Equine viral arteritis Caliciviridae: Vescicular exanthema
25	Retroviridae: Avian leucosis
26	Lentiviruses: Equine infectious anemia
27	Lentiviruses contd.: Maedi, visna, sheep pulmonary adenomatosis
28	Reoviridae: African horse sickness
29	Reoviridae contd.: Blue tongue, Calf rotavirus
30	Birnaviridae: Infectious bursal disease
31	Prions: BSE, Scrapie
32	Emerging animal and poultry viruses – equine morbillivirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Nipah, Hanta Chandipura

PRACTICAL

S. N.	Practical
1.	Preparation of glassware and equipments for virus work
2.	Preparation of media, solutions, buffers and their sterilization
3.	Demonstration of primary cell culture Preparation and subculturing the cell line
4.	Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus Allantoic and Chorio-allantoic membrane routes
5.	Chick embryo inoculation and harvesting of virus Amniotic and yolk sac routes
6.	Animal inoculation for cultivation of viruses
7.	Infection of cell cultures with virus and study of cytopathic effects – Demonstration
8.	Study of viral inclusions: Detection of Negri bodies in brain brain impression smears stained by Seller’s stain
9.	Collection, preservation and transport of clinical specimen for virological investigations
10.	Processing of material for virus isolation
	Diagnostic procedures for following viral diseases including collection of specimens, preservation, processing and application of specific tests
11.	Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): ELISA / AGID
12.	Foot and mouth disease (FMD): CFT / ELISA
13.	Ranikhet disease (RD): Chicken embryo inoculation, HA & HI
14.	Bluetongue: AGID / ELISA
15.	Avian infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease: Chicken embryo inoculation / AGID
16.	Canine Parovirus: Haemagglutination test Infectious bovine rhinotrachitis (IBR): dot ELISA

TEXT BOOKS:

Veterinary Virology by F.A. Murphy, E.P.J. Gibbs, M.C. Horzinek and M.J. Studdert
Veterinary Virology by S. N. Sharma and S.C. Adlakha
Veterinary Virology by S. B. Mohanty and S.K. Datta
Veterinary Clinical Biochemistry & Diagnosis-II

Course No.	VLD – 421
Credits	0+1=1
Semester	VIII
Year	Fourth

S. N.

Practical / Experiment

1 to 16

Orientation to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Examination of clinical cases in TVCSC and …..

Collection and processing of specimens from clinical cases suspected for bacterial, viral, fungal infections.
Isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens
Identification of bacteria on the basis morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical characteristics
Performing drug sensitivity tests and deciding strategy of therapy
Examination of specimen for direct microscopic detection of fungal agents
Processing of specimens for isolation of fungal agents
Identification of fungal isolates on the basis of morphology and cultural characteristics
Anti-fungal sensitivity tests
Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases by employing serological tests like agar gel immuno diffusion (AGID), ELISA, dot-ELISA, tube agglutination test, slide agglutination test etc.

PG Syllabus

M.V.Sc. Programme in Veterinary Microbiology as per ICAR guidelines

Minimum Credit Requirements:

S.N.	Subject	Credit Requirement
1	Major	28
2	Minor + Supporting	11
3	Seminar	01
4	Research	20
	TOTAL	60

Major / Minor / Supporting Subjects:

Major Subject	Veterinary Microbiology
Minor + Supporting Subject	Animal Biotechnology Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Public Health Veterinary Biochemistry

COURSE STRUCTURE

S. N.	Course No.	Title	Credits	Semester
1	VMC 601	Bacteriology-I	3+1=4	I
2	VMC 602	Bacteriology-II	3+1=4	II
3	VMC 603	Veterinary Mycology	1+1=2	II
4	VMC 604	General Virology	2+1=3	I
5	VMC 605	Systematic Animal Virology	3+1=4	II
6	VMC 606	Principles of Immunology	2+1=3	I
7	VMC 607	Vaccinology	2+0=2	III
8	VMC 608	Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases	1+2=3	III
9	VMC 609	Techniques in Microbiology & Immunology	0+3=3	I
10	VMC 691	Master’s Seminar	0+1=1	III
11	VMC 699	Master’s Research	20	III & IV

Semester-wise distribution of courses

S. N.	Course No.	Title	Credits
SEMESTER I
1	VMC 601	Bacteriology-I	3+1=4
2	VMC 604	General Virology	2+1=3
3	VMC 606	Principles of Immunology	2+1=3
4	VMC 609	Techniques in Microbiology & Immunology	0+3=3
SEMESTER II
5	VMC 602	Bacteriology-II	3+1=4
6	VMC 603	Veterinary Mycology	1+1=2
7	VMC 605	Systematic Animal Virology	3+1=4
SEMESTER III
8	VMC 607	Vaccinology	2+0=2
9	VMC 608	Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases	1+2=3
10	VMC 691	Master’s Seminar	0+1=1
SEMESTER IV
11	VMC 699	Master’s Research	20

Semester-wise distribution of credits

S. N.	Semester	Major		Minor + Supporting	Total
S. N.	Semester	Course work	Research	Minor + Supporting	Total
1	I	13	–	3	16
2	II	10	–	6	16
3	III	6	5	2	13
4	IV	–	15	–	15
	TOTAL	29	20	11	60

Bacteriology I

Course No.	VMC- 601	Title	Bacteriology I
Credits	3+1 = 4	Semester	I

THEORY

Lecture Nos.	Topic
UNIT I
1	Historical introduction
2-3	Cellular organization, genetic & chemical characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
4-5	Classification and nomenclature of bacteria; Genetic characterization and Numerical Taxonomy
6	Identification of bacteria; classic methods, molecular techniques
7-9	Structure, composition and functions of bacterial cell and its different components viz. cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nuclear material, inclusions appendages like capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores, plasmids etc.
10	Physiology and Nutrition; Nutritional types, nutritional and physiological requirements
11-13	Bacterial metabolism: Bioenergetics, generation of energy and transfer, oxidation-reduction system, membrane transport, electron transport system, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of macromolecules
14-15	Bacterial growth; measurement of bacterial growth, bacterial growth curve
	UNIT II
16-18	Determinants of Pathogenicity and its molecular basis: Invasiveness, invasins, toxigenesis, exotoxins and endotoxins and mechanism of their action, adherence, colonization, evasion of host defenses
19	Bacteriophages: temperate and virulent phages; lysogeny and lysogenic conversion
20-22	Bacterial genetics: Bacterial variation; phenotypic and genotypic variations, mutations and mutagenesis, gene transfer mechanisms – conjugation, transformation, transduction, Plasmids, transposons, cosmids, insertion sequences, transferable drug resistance, Recombinant DNA technology
23	Antimicrobial agents: Classes of antimicrobials and mechanism of action.
	UNIT III
	Systematic study of following bacteria with respect to their taxonomic position, distribution, morphology and staining characters, growth requirements and characteristics, antigenic structure, virulence factors, pathogenicity, diagnosis, immunity and control
24	Family: Enterobacteriaceae Classification and General features
25-26	Genus Escherichia, E. coli,
27	Genus Shigella, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei
28-30	Genus Salmonella, S. enterica, S. enterica subsp. enterica, Serotypes of subsp. enterica Typhi, Paratyphi A, Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Gallinarum, Pullorum, Dublin, Abortusequi, Abortusovis
31	Genus Proteus, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris
	Genus Morganella, M. morganii, Genus Providencia
32	Genus Yersinia, Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica
33	Genus Klebsiella, K. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca
34	Genus Enterobacter, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae
	Genus Citrobacter, C. freundii, C. Rodentium
	Genus Edwardsiella, E. tarda, E. ictaluri
35	Genus Vibrio, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. metschnikovii
36	Genus Aeromonas, A. hydrophila, A. Salmonicida
	Genus Plesiomonas, P. Shigelloides
37	Genus Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa
38	Genus Burkholderia, B. mallei, B. pseudomallei
39	Genus Neisseria, N. gonorrheae, N. Meningitidis, N. canis
	Genus Moraxella, M. bovis, M. ovis
40	Genus Mannheimia, M. haemolytica
41-42	Genus Pasteurella, P. multocida, Other Pasteurella species
43	Genus Haemophilus, H. influenzae, H. parasuis, H. paragallinarum,
	Genus Histophilus, H. somni
	Genus Taylorella, T. equigenitalis
44-45	Genus Brucella, B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis
46	Genus Francisella, F. tularensis
	Genus Legionella, L. pneumophila
47	Genus Campylobacter, C. fetus ssp fetus, C. fetus ssp. venerealis, C. jejuni ssp. jejuni
48	Genus Helicobacter, H. pylori, H. canis, H. pullorum, H.felis

PRACTICAL

S. N.	Practical
1	Morphological characterization: Microscopy, stains and staining methods
2-3	Isolation: Preparation of culture media, processing of specimen for isolation, isolation in culture, anaerobic culture techniques
4	Measurement of bacterial growth: Total count, Turbidometric methods, viable count-standard plate count
5-6	Cell fractionation: cell wall preparations, extraction of LPS, extraction of flagellar antigens
7	Preservation of bacterial cultures
	Detailed and comparative study of following bacteria with reference to morphology, biochemical reactions, physiology, serology and pathogenicity. Isolation from field materials, identification and characterization.
8	Escherichia coli
9	Salmonella spp.
10	Shigella spp.
11	Proteus, Klebsiella and other members of Enterobacteriaceae
12	Pseudomonas and Burkholderia
13	Pasteurella and Mannheimia
14	Moraxella, Taylorella, Haemophilus
15	Brucella
16	Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Suggested Readings: S. Peter Borriello, Patrick R. Murray and Guido Funke. Topley andWilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, Bacteriology Volumes I & II. Hodder Arnold Glen Sonder J & Karen W Post 2005. Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases. ColdSpringHarbor Lab. Press. Prescot LM, Harley JP & Klen DA. 2005. Microbiology. Wm. C. Brown Publ. Tortora GJ, Funke BR & Case CL. 2004. Microbiology: An Introduction. Benjamin/Cummins Publ. C.L. Gyles, J. .F Prescott, J.G. Songer, C.O. Thoen. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals. 2004 Wiley Bacteriology II

Course No.	VMC- 602	Title	Bacteriology II
Credits	3+1 = 4	Semester	II

THEORY

Lecture Nos.	Topic
	Systematic study of following bacteria with respect to their taxonomic position, distribution, morphology and staining characters, growth requirements and characteristics, antigenic structure, virulence factors, pathogenicity, diagnosis, immunity and control
UNIT I
	Gram positive cocci Family: Micrococcaceae
1 – 3	Genus Staphylococcus, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, Other Staphylococci
4 -7	Genus Streptococcus, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. equi, Other Streptococci
8	Genus Diplococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae
	Endospore forming Gram positive rods & cocci Family: Bacillaceae
9 – 11	Genus Bacillus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus
12 – 15	Genus Clostridium, Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum, Other Clostridia
	Spirochaetes Family: Spirochaetaceae
16 – 17	Genus Borrelia, Borrelia anserine, Borrelia burgdorferi
	Family: Leptospiraceae
18 – 19	Genus Leptospira, Pathogenic Genomospecies of leptospires viz. L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii, L. fainei, L. inadai, L. Interrogans etc. and their serovars
20	Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus moniliformis
21	Genus Brachyspira, B. hyodysenteriae
	Coryneform bacteria
22 – 24	Genus Corynebacterium, C. diphtheriae, C. renale, C. pilosum, C. pseudotuberculosis, Other Corynebacteria
25	Genus Rhodococcus, R. equi
26	Genus Dermatophilus, D. congolensis, D. Chelonae
27	Genus Nocardia, N. Asteroides, N. Brasiliensis, N. Farcinia,
28	Genus Actinomyces, A. bovis
29	Genus Arcanobacterium, A. pyogenes
	UNIT II
	Family: Mycobacteriaceae
30 – 33	Genus Mycobacterium, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium subsp. avium M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, Other Mycobacteria
	Mycoplasmas
34 – 36	Genus Mycoplasma, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Small colony), M. mycoides subsp. mycoides (Large colony), M. agalactiae, M. bovis, M. bovigenitalium M. capricolum subsp. Capricolum, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae M. gallisepticum, Other Mycoplasmas
37	Genus Ureaplasma, U. urealyticum, U. diversum
38	Genus Acholeplasma, A. Laidlawii, Genera Thermoplasma, Anaeroplasma, Spiroplasma, Genus Chlamydia
	*Rickettsia* and Chlamydia
39 – 40	C. trachomatis, C. suis, Genus Chlamydophila, C. psittacii
41 – 43	Genus Rickettsia, R. Rickettsii, R. felis, R. conorii, R. typhi, R. prowazekii Genus Orienta, O. Tsutsugamushi, Genus Coxiella, C. burnetti Genus Ehrlichia, E. canis, E. ruminantium
	UNIT III
44 – 45	Genus Listeria, L. Monocytogenes, L. ivanovii
46	Genus Erysipelothrix, E. rhusiopathiae
47 – 48	Genus Bacteroides, B. fragilis, Genus Dichelobacter, D. nodosus Genus Fusobacterium F. necrophorum

PRACTICAL

S. N.	Practical
	Detailed and comparative study of following bacteria with reference to morphology, biochemical reactions, physiology, serology and pathogenicity. Isolation from field materials, identification and characterization.
1	Staphylococcus aureus
2	Other Staphylococcal species
3	Streptococcus pyogenes
4	Other Streptococci
5	Bacillus anthracis
6	Clostridium chauvoei, Clostridium perfringenes
7	Other clostridial species
8	Corynebacterium spp., Arcanobacterium pyogenes
9	Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
10	Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
11	Mycoplasma spp.
12	Borrelia and Leptospira
13	Listeria monocytogenes
14	Rickettsia
15	Chlamydia
16	Actinomyces, Erysipelothrix, Nocardia

Course No.	VMC 603	Title	Veterinary Mycology
Credits	1+1 = 2	Semester	II

THEORY

Sr. No.	Topic
UNIT I
1.	Historical introduction, Evolution of fungi, Milestones of Medical Mycology
2.	Fungal phylogeny , Phylogenetic methods, Classification of fungi
3.	Morphology, structure and composition of fungi
4.	Growth, cultural characters of fungi, Collection of specimen, identification of fungi
5.	Physiology, Nutrition and Reproduction in fungi, Immunology of pathogenic fungi.
UNIT II
	Systematic study of following animal mycoses including classification, morphology, structure, reproduction, growth, cultural characters, habitat, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, immunity
6	Aspergillosis
7	Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis
8	Epizootic lymphangitis, Mycetomas
9	Sporotrichosis, Histoplasmosis
10	Blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, haplomycosis
11	Rhinosporidiosis, zygomycosis,
12	Mycotic abortion, mycotic mastitis
13	Mycotic dermatitis, Dermatophytoses
14	Mycotic dermatitis, Dermatophytoses contd.
15	Mycotoxicosis
16	Mycotoxicosis contd.

PRACTICAL

Sr. No.	Practical
1.	Preparation of media, solutions, stains, reagents etc.
2.	Collection, preservation and transport of mycological specimens to the laboratory
3.	Direct microscopic examination of specimens by KOH mount Processing of specimens for isolation of fungi
4.	Study of morphology, structure, spores, cultural characteristics of fungi.
	Study of following pathogenic fungi with respect to their morphology, structure, cultural characteristics, identification methods
5	Dermatophytes
6	Dermatophytes contd.
7	Aspergillus
8	Aspergillus contd.
9	Candidiasis, Coccidioidomycosis
10	Cryptococcosis, Blastomycosis
11	Histoplasmosis, Sporotrichosis
12	Mycotic mastitis
13	Mycotic abortions
14	Mytoxicosis: Aflatoxicosis
15	Mytoxicosis: Ochratoxicosis
16	Advanced techniques used in identification of fungi

Suggested Readings Glen Sonder J & Karen W Post 2005. Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Diseases.ColdSpringHarbor Lab. Press. Essentials of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology by Carter General Virology

Course No.	VMC- 604	Title	General Virology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

THEORY

S.N.	Topic
1	History and scope of Veterinary Virology, Founders of the science of virology
2	Origin and nature of viruses
3	Viruses and their properties, Glossary of terms
4	Morphology and structure of viruses, Electron microscopy, X-rat crystallography and other techniques used in study of morphology
5	Structure of capsid, symmetry, viral envelopes, Virion structure and functional relationship
6	Biochemical composition-Nucleic acids(DNA/RNA)Proteins, glycoproteins, and lipids
7	stability of viral infectivity, Influence of temperature, pH, Ionic environment, Lipid solvent and detergent etc.
8	Propagation of viruses in laboratory animals
9	Propagation of viruses cell culture
10	Propagation of viruses in embryonated eggs
11	Taxonomy and nomenclature of viruses, Criteria used in classification of viruses, Classification of viruses, Subviral agents, Prion’s etc
12	Families of DNA and RNA viruses
13	Replication of viruses, Single step growth curve, Essential steps in multiplication:
14	Attachment, penetration, uncoating – Strategies of replication in DNA and RNA viruses
15	Transcription, Regulation of transcription, post-transcriptional processing, Translation, post translation modifications
16	Replication of viral nucleic acids, assembly, maturation and release
17	Viral Genetics, Mutations, Types of mutations, defective interfering mutants, mutation rates, Viral Qausispecies concept, mutagenesis , Analysis of viral genes- methods and tools
18	Genetic recombination between viruses, intramolecular recombination, reassortment, reactivation. Interactions between gene products, complementation, phenotypic mixing, polyploidy, interference
19	Mapping of viral genome, methods of genome mapping, applications. Recombinant DNA technology.
20	Genetic and viral evolution, impact of evolution, genetic shift and drift.
21	Virus –cell interactions, types of interactions, Cytocidal changes in virus infected cells, mechanisms of cell damage. Noncytocidal changes in virus infected cells, Inclusion bodies, ultrastructural changes in virus infected cells, interferons
22	Viral pathogenesis, Route of entry and its impact, Host specificity, tissue tropism, Spread, Mechanism of targeting specific tissues and organs, mechanism of virus shedding
23	Viral persistence, viral strategies to evade host defense mechanisms, persistent infection and chronic damage to tissues and organs, immunopathology of viral infections, infection induced damage to immune system, autoimmune disease, hypersensitivity.
24	Pathogenesis of viral diseases: Representative models of respiratory, intestinal, lymphoreticular and haematopoietic, central nervous system, multisystem, chronic and slowly progressive viral diseases
25	Oncogenic viruses- Cell transformation, Oncogenes and oncoproteins, Mechanism of activation of Cellular oncogenes by viruses
26	Retroviruses and oncogenesis, DNA virus oncogenesis, Multistep oncogenesis
27	Epidemiology of viral diseases, Computations and databases for epidemiological analysis, Epidemiological investigations- types, models, Transmission of virus, Mechanism of virus survival in nature, influence of seasonal and managemental practices on epidemiology
28	Immune response to viruses, Cellular component of immune system, Sub-cellular component of immune system.
29	Immunological memory, Types of immune response-Active/ passive to viral infection, Immune cytolysis, neutralization, Recovery from viral infection, Immunity to reinfection
30	Viral Vaccines, Types of vaccines- Live, Inactivated, Recombinant, synthetic peptide, genetically modified vaccines etc
31	Methods for enhancing immunogenicity, adjuvants, factors affecting vaccine efficacy and safety, passive immunization, vaccination policy, vaccination schedules, available and recommended vaccines
32	Viral Chemotherapy, Strategies for development of antivirals, different antiviral chemotherapeutic agents and mechanism of their action, new generation antivirals

Sr. No	Practical
1.	Orientation to Virology laboratory – GLP’s
2.	Equipments handling- working principles ( laminar flow, Filtrations assemblies, microscopes –inverted, fluorescent etc,)
3.	Washing and sterilization of glassware for cell culture,
4.	Preparation of media and reagents for cell culture- filtration, sterility checking etc.
5.	Preparation of primary cell culture e.g. chicken embryo fibroblast etc.
6.	Sub-culturing and maintenance of cell lines
7.	Processing of clinical specimen for isolation of virus
8.	Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs- Allantoic and Chorioallantoic membrane routes, harvesting of virus
9.	Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs- Yolk sac and amniotic routes, harvesting of virus
10.	Cultivation of viruses in laboratory animals by different routes
11.	Isolation of virus in cell culture, study of cytopathic effects
12.	Titration of virus – estimation of TCID ₅₀
13.	Haemagglutination and Haemagglutination Inhibition test
14	Detection of viral antibodies by- SNT,
15	Detection of viral antibodies/antigen by- AGID,CIE and ELISA
16	Detection of viral antigens by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques

Suggested Readings:

Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Holzmek MK and Studdert MJ. 1999 Veterinary Virology. 3^rd Ed. Academic Press.

Achesons NH. 2006. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. Wiley.

Carter J and Saunders V. 2007 Virology: Principles and Applications. 1^st Ed. Wiley.

Knipe Dm, Howley PM, GriffithDE. 2006 Field Virology . 5^th Ed. Vol. I and II. Lippoincott, Williams and Wilkins

Mahy BWJ and Kangaroo HO, 1996. Virological Methods Manual. Academic Press

Systematic Animal Virology

Course No.	VMC- 605	Title	Systematic Animal Virology
Credits	3+1 = 4	Semester	II

THEORY

S.N.	Topic
	Study of following animal viruses belonging to various families with reference to viral properties, antigens, cultivation, pathogenesis, epidemiology, disease status inIndia, diagnosis, immunity and control.
1	Poxviridae	Cowpox,Buffalopox, Milker’s nodule
2		Sheep pox
3		Goat pox, Orf,
4		Fowl pox, Poxviruses affecting other animals
5	Asfaviridae	African swine fever
6	Herpesviridae	Infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, Bovine malignant catarrhal fever
7		Equine abortion, Equine Rhinopneumonitits, Equine coital exanthema
8		Infectious laryngotrachitis, Duck plague
9		Marek’s disease
10		Pseudorabies, Herpesviruses affecting other animals
11	Adenoviridae	Infectious canine hepatitis
12		Avian adenoviruses, egg drop syndrome
13		Inclusion body hepatitis, Leechi disease
14	Parvoviridae	Canine parvovirus
15	Parvoviridae	Porcine parvovirus (SMEDI), Feline Panleukopenia
16	Papovaviridae	Papiollomatosis
17	Paramyxoviridae	Rinderpest
18		Peste des petits ruminants
19		Canine distemper
20		New castledisease
21	Picornaviridae	Foot-and-mouth disease
22		Foot and mouth disease contd.
23		Duck viral hepatitis, Avian encephalomyelitis
24	Orthomyxoviridae	Avian influenza
25		Swine influenza
26		Equine influenza
27	Rhabdoviridae	Rabies
28		Rabies contd.
29		Vesicular stomatitis, Ephemeral fever
30	Coronaviridae	Infectious Bronchitis
31	Coronaviridae	Transmissible Gastroenteritis
32	Calciviridae	Vesicular Exanthema virus (VEV)
33	Togaviridae	Swine fever
34	Togaviridae	Bovine viral diarrhea
35	Flaviviridae	Equine encephalitis (WEE,VEE andEEE)
36	Flaviviridae	Japanese B Encephalitis
37	Reoviridae	African Horse Sickness
38		Bluetongue
39		Rotaviruses
40	Birnaviridae	Infectious bursal disease
41	Arterivirdae	Equine arteritis, Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
42	Retroviridae	Avian leucosis
43		Equine infectious anemia
44		Bovine leukemia, Visna/maedi
45	Circoviridae	Chicken anemia virus (CAV)
46	Slow virus / prions diseases	Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
47	Slow virus / prions diseases	Scrapie
48	Bornavirdae	Borna disease virus (BDV)

PRACTICAL

Sr. No	Practical
1.	Isolation of virus in chicken embryos:Newcastledisease virus by allantoic route, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
2.	Isolation of virus in chicken embryos: Fowl pox / other poxviruses by chorioallantoic route, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
3.	Isolation of infectious bronchitis in chicken embryos, study the lesions in embryos, harvesting of virus
4.	Isolation of virus in chicken embryos contd…
5.	Isolation of virus in cell cultures:Newcastledisease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts, study the cytopathic effects (CPE)
6.	Isolation of virus in cell cultures:Newcastledisease virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts, study the cytopathic effects (CPE) contd.
7.	Isolation of virus in cell cultures: Bluetongue virus in BHK-21/Vero cell line, study the CPE
8.	Isolation of virus in cell cultures: Bluetongue virus in BHK-21/Vero cell line, study the CPE
9.	Isolation of IBR / swine fever virus in cell cultures, study the CPE

10.	Newcastledisease virus: Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests
11.	Rabies: Detection of Negri bodies by Seller’s staining, fluorescent antibody technique, mouse inoculation test
12.	Infectious bursal disease: Detection of Antigen / antibody by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), detection of antibodies by neutralization test
13.	Markes’s disease: AGID, CIEP
14.	Bluetongue: detection of antibodies by AGID
15.	Rotaviruses: Latex agglutination test, Electropherotyping
16.	Foot and mouth disease: Typing of virus by ELISA

Suggested readings:

Murphy FA, Gibbs EPJ, Holzmek MK and Studdert MJ. 1999 Veterinary Virology. 3^rd Ed. Academic Press.

Achesons NH. 2006. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. Wiley.

Carter J and Saunders V. 2007 Virology: Principles and Applications. 1^st Ed. Wiley.

Knipe Dm, Howley PM, GriffithDE. 2006 Field Virology . 5^th Ed. Vol. I and II. Lippoincott, Williams and Wilkins

Mahy BWJ and Kangaroo HO, 1996. Virological Methods Manual. Academic Press

Principles of Immunology

Course No.	VMC- 606	Title	Principles of Immunology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

THEORY

S. N.	Topic outline
UNIT I
1	Historical development of Immunology, Introduction and scope of Veterinary Immunology
2.	Immunity: Definition, types of immunity- innate and acquired immunity etc.
3.	Phylogeny of immune system and ontogeny of haemopoetic cells.
4.	Immune system: Organs -central and peripheral lymphoid organs, Thymus, Bursa etc.
5.	Cells involved in immunity: Lymphocytes – classes, development of different types
6.	Diversity of immune responses – lymphocyte repertoires, antigenic specificities of lymphocytes and leucocytes, differentiation markers and other distinguishing characters of leukocytes
7.	Other cells involved in immunity macrophages, NK cells, null cells etc.
8.	Lymphoid cell trafficking – lymphocyte traffic, role of lymphatics, HEVs etc.
UNIT II
9.	Antigen: Definition, properties and types of antigen, specificity of antigens, blood group antigens, Antigenic determinant / epitope,
10.	Factors influencing immunogenicity and role of adjuvants
11.	Antibodies: Immunoglobulin structure, functions and classification, classes and subclasses of Igs
12	Antibodies contd.
13.	Theories of antibody production
14.	Immunoglobulin genes and genetic basis of antibody diversity – genetic control of antibody formation
15.	Complement system: Complement components, Activation of complement by classical, alternate and mannose binding pathways.
16.	Biological activities of complement
UNIT III
17.	Major Histocompatibiity complex : Organization, structure, functions and gene organization of different classes.
18.	T-lymphocyte : T – cell subsets, surface receptors, structure and functions
19.	Gene organization and genetic basis of diversity of T-cell surface receptors.
20	Immune response: Humoral and cellular immune response; Primary and secondary immune response
21.	Classification and properties of various cytokines
22.	Mechanism of antibody production immune regulation
23.	Immune regulation
24.	Cell mediated immune response – role of CTLs, NK cells etc.
UNIT IV
25.	Immunity against infectious agents of veterinary importance – bacteria, viruses etc. – Factors influencing resistance, specific immunity, evasion of immune response, effect of immune response on the pathogens, serodiagnosis and vaccines
26.	Immunological surveillance
27.	Immune response in cancers – bovine lymphosarcoma, lymphoid tumors in animals and birds, role of CMI in prevention of cancers, specific role of NK cells etc.
28.	Immunological tolerance – T and B cell tolerance, clonal anergy, clonal abortion, clonal exhaustion, role of suppressor T-cells
29	Immunodeficiency and immunosuppression – causes, types and examples
30	Autoimmunity – factors, mechanisms of induction and autoimmune diseases
31	Hypersensitivity: Definition, types of hypersensitivity- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, mechanisms of different types of hypersensitivity reactions
32	Hypersensitivity contd.

PRACTICAL

S.N.	Practical / Experiment
1.	Preparation of antigen Heat killed / formalinized whole cell bacterin Preparation of sheep RBC suspension for raising haemolysin
2	Raising of antisera in laboratory animals Raising antiserum against particulate antigen e.g. haemolysin against sheep RBCs Raising antiserum against soluble antigen e.g. bovine serum albumin
3.	Collection and preservation of antisera – separation, filtration and aliquoting.
4.	Separation and concentration of immunoglobulins by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis method
5.	Quantitation of Igs by zinc sulphate turbidity and single radial immunodiffusion
6.	Comparative study of lymphoid organs of laboratory animals and poultry
7.	Uptake of bacteria by macrophages – invitro test
8.	In-vivo uptake of bacteria in various lymphoid tissues of laboratory animals
9.	Collection and separation of PBL by using ficoll etc.
10.	Agglutination reactions: Plate / slide agglutination test, Detection of Brucella antibodies by RBPT standard tube agglutination test
11	Agglutination reactions contd.: Haemagglutination & haemagglutination-inhibition tests
12.	Agglutination reactions contd.: Indirect / passive haemagglutination test Latex co-agglutination test
13.	Precipitation reactions: Agar gel precipitation test, immunoelectrophoresis
14.	Complement fixation test: Titration of complement and haemolysin, CFT proper
15.	Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Direct ELISA, indirect ELISA, dot ELISA etc.
16.	SDS PAGE and immunoblotting

Suggested Readings:

1. Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA & Osborne BA. 2007. Kuby Immunology. 6th Ed.

WH Freeman.

2. Male D, Brostoff J, RothDB & RoittsI.2007. Immunology. 7th Ed. Mosby-

Elsevier.

3. Tizard IR. 2004. Veterinary Immunology: An Introduction. 7th Ed.

Saunders/Elsevier.

Vaccinology

Course No.	VMC- 607	Title	Vaccinology
Credits	2+0 = 0	Semester	III

S. N.	Topic
UNIT I
1	History of veterinary vaccinology
2	Classification of vaccines
3	Comparison of major types of vaccines
4	Components of vaccines: immunogens – bacteria, toxoids, viruses etc.
5	Adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems – delivery of particulate antigens through liposomes and microspheres, protein cochelates
6	Stabilizers, preservatives and vehicles used in vaccine preparation
7	Quality of a vaccine – definitions, methods in determining quality of a vaccine, quality control and testing
8	Vaccine development – need for the vaccine, cost effectiveness of the vaccine under large scale vaccination programme
9	Stages of vaccine development – identifying the disease entity, molecular epidemiological data, preparation of an immunogenic candidate, laboratory trials, scaling up procedures, shelf life, stability studies etc.
10	Clinical trials under controlled and field conditions, regulatory requirements
UNIT II
11	Traditional vaccines – live, killed vaccines and toxoids
12	Methods of preparation of traditional vaccines: bacterins, toxoids and viral vaccines
13	Maintenance of the microorganisms/viruses in maximum titre in the laboratory
14	Maintenance of vaccine strains of bacteria in suitable media
15	Passaging of viruses in embryonated eggs or cell culture
16	Preservation and monitoring of microorganisms in seed lot systems,
17	Methods of inactivation of bacteria or viruses for preparation of vaccine – by heat, chemicals and radiation
18	Attenuation of pathogenic bacteria – by serial passage and subculture in media
19	Attenuation of viruses by serial passage in cell culture or embyonated eggs
UNIT III
20	Modern vaccines: subunit vaccines, synthetic vaccines, rDNA vaccines, marker vaccine, DNA, and edible vaccines, etc.
21	Novel immunomodulators and vaccine delivery – using nanotechnology

S. N.	Topic
22	Novel methods of vaccine construction – virtual laboratory experiments involving proteomics, genomics, synthetic chemistry.
23	Recombinant DNA technology
24	rDNA technology in preparation of candidate vaccines
25	Multivalent chimeric vaccines using viral vectors such as fowl pox or vaccinia
UNIT IV
26	Vaccine formulation – as per pharmacopeal requirements – titre of the antigen, amount of adjuvant, stabilizers, preservatives in the final product.
27	Preservation techniques to maintain good antigen quality- Ex. Freeze drying, etc.
28	Vaccine stability – shelf life studies at different temperatures and efficacy tests in laboratory animals
29	Importance of cold chain and vaccine failures, logistic problems involved in transport and use of vaccines.
30	Immunization schedules of vaccines in various species of animals and poultry with respect to bacterial and viral vaccines.
31	Strategies in disease control and eradication by vaccination – serosurveillance and seromonitoring using ELISA and other assays
32	GMPs, quality control of conventional vis-à-vis recombinant vaccines

Suggested Readings:

1. Dodds WJ & Schulz R. (Eds). 1999. Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostics.

Vol. 41 (Advances in Veterinary Medicine) 1st Ed. Academic Press.

2 Levine MM, Kaper JB, Rappuoli R, Liu MA & Good MF. 2004. New

Generation Vaccines. 3rd Ed. Marcel-Dekker.

3. Pastoret PP, Blancou J, Vannier C & Verschueren C. 1997. Veterinary

Vaccinology. Elsevier.

Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Course No.	VMC- 608	Title	Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Credits	1+2 = 3	Semester	III

THEORY

Sr. No.	Topic
	UNIT I
1.	Diagnosis of infectious diseases: an overview
	Principles and application of serodiagnostic methods:
2.	Agglutination-reaction based tests
3.	Precipitation-reaction based tests
4.	Complement fixation test
5	Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase
6	Enzyme immunoassays
7	Radioimmunoassays
	UNIT II
	Principle and applications of molecular diagnostic tests
8	Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
9	Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR)
11	Other types of PCRs
12	Southern blotting
13	Northern blotting
14	Western blotting, Dot-blot
15	DNA diagnostics versus serodiagnostics
16	Development and validation of diagnostic tests

PRACTICALS

Sr. No.	Practical
	Serodiagnostic tests for infectious diseases
1.	Agglutination tests – Bacterial slide and tube agglutination test.
2.	Microtitre plate agglutination
3.	Precipitation tests: Agar gel immunodiffusion test
4.	Counter immunoelectrophoresis
5.	Passive hemagglutination
6.	Passive hemagglutination
7.	Hemagglutination inhibition test
8.	Latex agglutination test
9.	Complement fixation test: Titration of haemolysin, complement
10.	Complement fixation test
11.	Enzyme linked immunosorbent immunoassays: Direct ELISA, dot-ELISA
12.	Indirect ELISA,SandwichELISA
13.	Immunofluorescence: Direct and Indirect
14	Immunoperoxidase technique
15	Immuno-electron microscopy
16	Virus neutralization test, Serum neutralization test
17	Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test
	Molecular diagnostic techniques:
18	Protein profiling of infectious agents by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
19	Protein profiling of infectious agents by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
20	Antigen profiling of infectious agents by immunoblotting
21	Antigen profiling of infectious agents by immunoblotting
22	Isolation of DNA from infectious agents
23	Assessment of integrity of DNA and its quantification
24	Isolation of RNA from infectious agents and its quantification
25	Nucleic hybridization techniques: Southern Blot
26	Nucleic hybridization techniques: Northern Blot
27	Detection of infectious agent nucleic acids by PCR
28	Detection of infectious agents by nested PCR
29	Real time PCR
30	Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
31	Detection of infectious agents by PCR-RFLP analysis
32	Detection of infectious agents by PCR-RFLP analysis

Suggested Readings:

1. Detrick B & Hamilton RG. (Eds). 2006. Manual of Molecular and Clinical

Laboratory Immunology. 7th Ed. American Society for Microbiology.

2. Rose NR, Friedman H & Fahey JL. (Eds). 1986. Manual of Clinical

Laboratory Immunology. American Society for Microbiology.

3. DM. 1986. Handbook of Experimental Immunology. Vol. IV. Blackwell.

Techniques in Microbiology and Immunology

Course No.	VMC 609	Title	Techniques in Microbiology & Immunology
Credits	0+3 = 3	Semester	I

Practical Nos.	Name of Experiment
1 – 2	Preparation of different media used in Bacteriology, Mycology and Virology
3 – 4	Collection, preservation and transportation of specimens for microbiological analysis
5 – 8	Isolation and identification of bacteria: Direct microscopic examination e.g. Anthrax, HS, TB, BQ; Isolation in pure culture; Identification based on study of morphology & staining, growth characteristics on different media, biochemical properties, serological identification etc.
9 – 11	Isolation and identification of fungi: Direct microscopic examination of specimens; Processing of specimens; Isolation in pure cultures Study of morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests.
12 – 13	Antibiotic and Antifungal drug sensitivity of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi): Drug sensitivity test by disc diffusion method, Determining MIC
14 – 16	Plasmid profiling: Extraction of plasmids by lysis of cells; Agarose gel electrophoresis; Estimation of molecular weights; Curing of plasmids
17 – 18	Maintenance and preservation of bacteria and fungi: Stock culture collections; Preservation methods; Short and long term preservation at low temperatures Cryopreservation and freeze drying
19 – 21	Pathogenicity test: Inoculation of laboratory animals by different route; Study the symptoms and lesions of disease; Reisolation and identification of organisms from inoculated animals
22 – 23	Maintenance of cell lines, subculturing, harvesting cells, cryopreservation and reconstitution of cells
24 – 25	Infection of cell cultures / cell lines with virus; Study cytopathic effects Detection of virus in cell cultures; Harvesting of virus
26 – 28	Concentration and purification of animal viruses: Liberation of virus from infected cells by techniques viz. sonication, freezing thawing, chemical methods, Differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and ultra filtration, etc.
29 – 30	Storage of animal viruses by freeze drying and ultra freezing.
31 – 32	Biophysical and biochemical characterization of animal viruses
33 – 35	Molecular characterization of viral protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, PCR and RT PCR for detection of viral nucleic acids
36 – 37	Purification immunoglobulins by salt precipitation and chromatographic techniques
38 – 39	Anti-species antibody production:
40 – 42	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antigen and antibody detection
43 – 44	Isolation of neutrophils and peritoneal macrophage. Demonstration of phagocytic activity and calculating phagocytic index
45 – 46	Lymphocyte separation and lymphocyte proliferation
47 – 48	Tuberculin-type delayed type hypersensitivity reaction for detection of cell mediated immune response in diagnosis of TB, Johnes disease etc.

Suggested Readings

1. Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM & Strober W.

2003. Current Protocols in Immunology. 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Detrick B & Hamilton RG. (Eds). 2006. Manual of Molecular and Clinical

Laboratory Immunology. 7th Ed. American Society for Microbiology.

3. Hay FC & Westwood OMR. 2002. Practical Immunology. 4th Ed. Blackwell.

4. Mahy BWJ & Kangaro HO. 1996. Virology Methods Manual. Academic Press.

5. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B & Carter GR. 1994. Clinical Veterinary

Microbiology. Wolfe Publ.

Ph.D. Programme in Veterinary Microbiology as per ICAR guidelines

Minimum Credit Requirements:

S.N.	Subject	Credit Requirement
1	Major	17
2	Minor + Supporting	11
3	Seminar	02
4	Research	45
	TOTAL	75

Major / Minor / Supporting Subjects:

Major Subject	Veterinary Microbiology
Minor + Supporting Subject	Animal Biotechnology Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Veterinary Pathology Veterinary Public Health Veterinary Biochemistry

COURSE STRUCTURE

S.N.	Course No.	Title	Credits	Semester
1	VMC 701	Advances in Bacteriology	2+1=3	I
2	VMC 702	Advances in Mycology	2+1=3	I
3	VMC 703	Bacterial Genetics	2+1=3	I
4	VMC 704	Microbial Toxins	2+1=3	II
5	VMC 705	Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis	2+1=3	II
6	VMC 706	Advances in Virology	2+1=3	I
7	VMC 707	Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis	2+1=3	II
8	VMC 708	Structure Function Relationship of DNA and RNA Viruses	3+0=3	II
9	VMC 709	Oncogenic Viruses	2+0=2	III
10	VMC 710	Slow Viral Infections and Prions	2+0=2	III
11	VMC 711	Molecular Immunology	2+1=3	I
12	VMC 712	Advances in Cellular Immunology	2+1=3	I
13	VMC 713	Cytokines and Immunomodulators	2+0=2	II
14	VMC 714	Advances in Vaccinology	2+0=2	III
15	VMC 715	Advances in Immunodiagnostics	1+1=2	III
16	VMC 716	Modern Immunotechnology	1+2=3	III
17	VMC 717	Current Topics in Infection and Immunity	3+0=3	III
18	VMC 718	Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology	2+1=3	II
19	VMC 790	Special Problem	0+2=2	IV
20	VMC 791	Doctoral Seminar I	1+0=1	II
21	VMC 792	Doctoral Seminar II	1+0=1	III
22	VMC 799	Doctoral Research	45

Semester-wise distribution of credits:

Semester	Major	Minor	Research	Total
I	6	3	–	9
II	7	3	–	10
III	6	5	–	11
IV	–	–	15	15
V	–	–	15	15
VI	–	–	15	15
TOTAL	19	11	45	75

TEACHING SCHEDULES

Advances in Bacteriology

Course No.	VMC- 701	Title	Advances in Bacteriology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Advanced studies on cytology, biochemical activities, antigenic structure and molecular biology of bacteria Structure and functions of cell wall of Gram positive bacteria, Peptidoglycan, Teichoic acid Structure anf functions of cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, LPS, Outer membrane protein, ECA. Biosynthesis of cell walls. Surface appendages: Capsule, flagella, fimbriae their structure composition and synthesis. Bacterial spores: structure, composition, sporulation, germination	16
	UNIT II
2	Advanced studies on pathogenicity, immunology and serology of bacteria: Cell surface associated virulence mechanisms, role in prevention of phagocytosis, adherence to mucosal surface etc. Other virulence factors viz. exotoxins and endotoxins Bacterial antigens and immunogens: Surface structures as antigens, surface protective antigens. Types and functions of bacterial components as adjuvants, their chemical structure, mechanism of action and uses	16
	PRACTICAL
3	Biochemical, physiological and pathogenesis studies of various bacterial diseases: Cell wall preparation Extraction of LPS from E. coli and characterization Extraction of teichoic acid and its characterization Extraction of surface antigen using Triton X-100, SDS etc and their characterization Demonstration of fimbriae and flagella preparation of capsular extract and its characterization Application of standard serological methods for disease diagnosis	16

Advances in Mycology

Course No.	VMC- 702	Title	Advances in Mycology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
	Advanced studies on taxonomic genetics, physiology and antigenic characterization of pathogenic fungi. Fungal classification, taxonomy and systematics Cell biology and physiology Functional genetics	16
	UNIT II
	Advanced studies on molecular approaches for identification of fungi and immunology and serology of mycoses. Theory of molecular methods in veterinary mycology Molecular methods in the diagnosis of fungal infection Molecular methods in taxonomy and for the identification of fungal pathogens. Strain typing techniques, sampling techniques and epidemiology Immunology and serology of mycoses	16
	PRACTICAL
	Biochemical, physiological and pathogenesis studies of various fungal diseases. Diagnosis of fungal infections Specimen collection, direct examination, culture Serological diagnosis Molecular diagnosis Histological diagnosis Preservation and storage of fungi	16

Bacterial Genetics

Course No.	VMC- 703	Title	Bacterial Genetics
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

Lecture Nos.	Topic	No, of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
	Procaryotic and Eucaryotic genome. Replication of eucaryotic and procaryotic DNA. Structure, classification and replication of plasmids, conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids, fertility plasmid, plasmid for antimicrobial resistance, colicins. Mutation and mutagenesis: types of mutants, detection of mutants, molecular basis of mutations.	12
	UNIT II
	Biochemical genetic and gene mapping by recombination, fine gene structure analysis. Gene transfer in bacteria Transduction, transformation and conjugation and gene mapping by these processes.	10
	UNIT III
	Transposing elements, insertion sequences, transposons and bacteriophage, cosmids. Gene cloning and gene sequencing. Regulation of gene expression.	10
	PRACTICAL
	Mutagenesis of microorganisms by different methods. Production, isolation and characterization of mutants. Determination of mutation rate. Isolation, characterization and curing of plasmids. Transfer of plasmid by conjugation, electroporation. Transfer of drug resistance by conjugation Propagation and titration of phage Tetrad and random spore analysis	16

Microbial Toxins

Course No.	VMC- 704	Title	Microbial Toxins
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	II

THEORY

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	UNIT I
	The role of microbial toxins in the pathogenesis of diseases; Intracellular and extracellular toxins Complex LPS toxin of cells walls Biochemical and biological characteristics of toxins produced by various bacteria. Toxin producing Gram positive and negative bacteria. Properties and clinical conditions produced by different bacterial toxins with their mechanism of action Immunology of toxins Assay systems for toxins	24
	UNIT II
	Production, characterization, and study of pathogenicity of various fungal toxins: Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses: Properties and clinical conditions produced by different mycotoxins with their mechanism of action.	08
	PRACTICAL
	Isolation of toxigenic strains of bacteria from suspected material, production of toxins in suitable media, purification and characterization of toxins; biological characterization in animal and in tissue culture; Immunobiological studies of toxins Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test Characterization or mycotoxins	16

Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis

Course No.	VMC- 705	Title	Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	II

THEORY

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	UNIT I
1	Molecular structure, production and mode of action of … Bacterial Adhesins Invasins Impedins Agressins Modulins Capsule Flagella Enzymes Components of cell wall and Siderophores	16
	UNIT II
2	The production, structure and molecular mechanism of actions in causation of disease of.. Exotoxins Endotoxins Siderophores Cytotoxins and Plasmids	16
	PRACTICAL
3	To study the production and effects of exotoxins and endotoxins, LPS and various enzymes produced by the bacteria on various cell culture and live animals.	16

Advances in Virology

Course No.	VMC- 706	Title	Advances in Virology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
	Recent theories on origin and evolution of viruses. Recent concepts in classification and nomenclature of viruses Biology of RNA and DNA virus replication: Replication strategies in major families of RNA and DNA viruses. Transcription and translation modes in major families of viruses Biosynthesis of viral macromolecules Strategies of release in different groups of viruses Genomic organization and replication of a prototype member of each family	14
	UNIT II
	Current concepts in animal virus research with respect to Viral Structure And Architecture Viral Virulence Viral Pathogenesis Persistence and Oncogenesis	08

	Latest trends in the development of antivirals Drugs interfering with attachment, penetration and uncoating Drugs inhibiting virion associated enzymes and transcription of genome Inhibitors of viral mRNA and translational processes Inhibitors of viral RNA genome synthesis Inhibitors of viral DNA replication Drugs affecting late viral mRNA and late viral proteins Interferon	08
	UNIT IV
	Cloning and expression in viral vectors	02
	PRACTICAL
	Separation and characterization of viral proteins, and nucleic acid by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, column chromatography, blotting techniques. Detection of viral components and viral antibodies by techniques viz. FAT, ELISA, PCR, Nucleic acid hybridization/ probes. Problem oriented practical assignments aimed at development of bioreagents and relevant diagnostic tests. Screening and evaluation of antiviral agents for efficacy and toxicity	16

Molecular & Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis

Course No.	VMC- 707	Title	Molecular & Genetic Aspects of Viral Pathogenesis
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	II

Lecture Nos.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Mechanisms of viral infection and spread through the body; detailed study of virus host interactions.	6
	UNIT II
2	Host immune responses to viral infections; viral strategies to evade host immune responses.	6
	UNIT III
3	Pathogenesis of viral diseases of various systems; animal models for studying viral pathogenesis; molecular and genetic determinants of viral virulence; mechanisms of viral virulence.	10
	UNIT IV
4	Molecular and genetic determinants of viral persistence, viral oncogenesis, viral immunosuppression, and immunopathology. Animal models for studying viral pathogenesis.	10
	PRACTICAL
5	Pathotyping of animal viruses using Newcastle disease virus as model; Determination of immunosuppressive potential of animal viruses using infectious bursal disease virus/ Marek’s disease virus/ chicken anemia virus; characterization of molecular determinants of viral virulence using variants, recombinants and reassortants; isolation and molecular characterization of viruses with varying virulence.	16

Structure Function Relationship of DNA & RNA Viruses

Course No.	VMC- 708	Title	Structure Function Relationship of DNA & RNA Viruses
Credits	3+0 = 3	Semester	II

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	UNIT I
1	Methods of studying virus structure and architecture; methods of amplification of viral nucleic acids; molecular characterization of viral protein and nucleic acid, Nucleotide sequencing and its analysis by software programmes.	16
	UNIT II
2	Detailed study of virus replication in various groups of animal viruses DNA Virus families: Papovaviridae, Parovoviridae, Iridoviridae, Asfaviridae, Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Adenoviridae RNA Virus families: Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Caliciviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae	16
	UNIT III
3	Understanding the relationship between structure and function of animal DNA and RNA viruses Development of modern vaccines and antivirals using the relationship between structure and function of animal DNA and RNA viruses Drugs interfering with attachment, penetration and uncoating, Drugs inhibiting virion associated enzymes and transcription of genome, Inhibitors of viral mRNA and translational processes, Inhibitors of viral RNA genome synthesis, Inhibitors of viral DNA replication, Drugs affecting late viral mRNA and late viral proteins	16

Oncogenic Viruses

Course No.	VMC 709	Title	Oncogenic Viruses
Credits	2 + 0 = 2	Semester	III

THEORY

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	UNIT I
1	General features of cell transformation Characterization of transformed cells Oncogenes and theory of oncogenesis oncogenic virus- cell interaction Oncogenic RNA and DNA viruses expression of viral and cellular oncogenes	16
	UNIT II
2	Mechanisms of viral oncogenesis transformation mechanism Properties of transformed cells Virus interactions with the translation and replication mechanism Virus interactions with cell protein maturation pathway Effects of virus on cell structure and transformation Diagnosis of viral oncogenesis	16

Slow Viral Infections & Prions

Course No.	VMC- 710	Title	Slow Viral Infections & Prions
Credits	2 + 0 = 2	Semester	III

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	UNIT I
	Nature and classification of slow viral infections, Mechanism of infection Epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, immunity, diagnosis and control of …. Visna, Maedi, Equine infectious anaemia Caprine arthritis encephalitis	16
	UNIT II
	Properties and replication of prions. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, diagnosis and control of various diseases caused by prions; Transmissible mink encephalopathy Scrapie Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Chronic wasting disease of deer Recent trends in prion research. Unclassified viruses: Nature, techniques for the isolation pathogenesis, control of these agents.	16

Molecular Immunology

Course No.	VMC- 711	Title	Molecular Immunology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lecture s
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Structure, functions and biosynthesis of immunoglobulins, allotypes, isotypes and idiotypes. Recombinant antibodies T and B-cell receptors Origin of antibody diversity, immunoglobulin gene organization and assembly T-cell receptor gene organization and assembly Pathogen associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors in immunity. Advances in characterization of antigens and superantigens, epitope mapping. Novel functions of immunoglobulins and their fragments produced by rDNA technology.	16
	UNIT II
2	Cytokines and cytokine receptors: structure and function. Complement components genes and polymorphism. MHC genes. Evolutionary aspects of recombination activating genes-mediated immunity in vertebrates.	08
	UNIT III
3	Immunoinformatics as applied to MHC molecules-peptide complexes and other molecules. Immunoinformatics, databases and web resources Immunoproteomics Immunomics.	08
	PRACTICAL
	Purification of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses, IgG fragments production by pepsin and papain digestion, cytokine quantitation and detection by ELISPOT assay, IgV gene amplification and sequencing, Use of immunoinformatic tools for study of Ig genes. Techniques of immunoelectrophoresis, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	16

Advances in Cellular Immunology

Course No.	VMC- 712	Title	Advances in Cellular Immunology
Credits	2+1 = 3	Semester	I

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Hematopioetic stem cells and differentiation pathways of various leukocytes. B and T lymphocyte repertoires. Lymphocyte- endothelial cell interactions during lymphocyte emigration and recirculation, molecular mechanism of lymphocyte traffic and homing Positive and negative selection Antigen presenting cells, T cell subsets, regulatory T cells, Memory B and T cells. NK cell biology.	16
	UNIT II
2	Cellular interactions during immune response development: microenvironments, antigen processing and presentation, activation of B and T cells, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines in intercellular communication. Signal transduction pathways in B and T cell activation.	08
	UNIT III
3	Immunoregulation of B and T cell response. Mucosal immune system. Oral tolerance and its breakdown. Advances in transplantation immunology. SCID, gene-knockout and transgenic animals in immunobiology research.	08
	PRACTICAL
4	Fluorescence activated and magnetic cell sorting of lymphocyte subsets Lymphocyte proliferation assays using non-radioisotope methods adoptive transfer of lymphocyte subsets cytotoxic T cell assays ELISPOT assays for enumeration of lymphocyte subsets secreting cytokines Morphological and functional assays of blood monocytes T-cell western immunoblot	16

Cytokines & Immunomodulators

Course No.	VMC- 713	Title	Cytokines & Immunomodulators
Credits	2 + 0 = 2	Semester	II

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Cytokines and immunomodulators: definitions and classification, properties Cytokines structure and functions. Cytokine secretion by Th1 and Th2 subsets Cytokine receptors: structural types and presence on different cells. Roles in activation, division and differentiation of immune cells, and immunoregulation	16
	UNIT II
2	Cytokine networks. cytokines in reproductive processes and neuroendocrino-immunological interactions. Therapeutic uses of cytokines Immunomodulators in control of diseases. Cytokines as adjuvants and imunomodulators. Colony stimulating factors and other cytokines in stem cell research.	16

Advances in Vaccinology

Course No.	VMC- 714	Title	Advances in Vaccinology
Credits	2+0 = 2	Semester	III

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Advances in vaccine development research. Antigen identification and characterization employing newer molecular technologies such as microarrays, in vivo expression technology, signature-tagged mutagenesis and phage display technology, etc.	16
	UNIT II
2	Immunoinformatics as applied to epitope mapping, T cell epitopes, identification of pathogenic epitopes, etc. Novel vaccines: nucleic acids, marker vaccines, mucosal vaccines, bacterial ghosts as vaccines, virus-like particles. Futuristic vaccines: anti-allergic, anti-autoimmune diseases, deaddiction vaccines, transplant survival/ prolonging vaccines etc.	16

Advances in Immunodiagnostics

Course No.	VMC- 715	Title	Advances in Immunodiagnostics
Credits	1+1= 2	Semester	III

Lecture Nos.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
	Newer methods of immunodiagnosis Simple, rapid, penside immunodiagnostic tests such as immunochromatofocussing, immunofiltration tests, etc. Development of highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays such as immuno-PCR, use of luminescent substrates, etc. Discriminant immunoassays for differentiating cross-reactive antigens. Antibodies in biosensors.	16
	PRACTICAL
	Development of immunofiltration tests using monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of infectious diseases of animals. Blocking ELISA to differentiate cross-reactive antigens.	16

Modern Immunotechnology

Course No.	VMC- 716	Title	Modern Immunotechnology
Credits	1+1= 2	Semester	III

THEORY

S.N.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
	Historical developments in modern immunotechnology. Hybridoma technology: Advances in monoclonal antibody production. Chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies.	08
	UNIT II
	Recombinant DNA technology for expression of antibody fragments: Fab, scFv, bispecific antibody, nanobody and various other antibody formats. Modern uses of antibody fragments: biosensors, catalysis, therapeutics, in vivo imaging, microarrays, proteomics, etc.	08
	PRACTICAL
	Production of murine monoclonal antibody against antigens of infectious agents by hydridoma technique. Production of phage display library of scFv or camel nanobody. Selection of antigen-specific phage displayed antibody fragment by panning or other techniques.	16

Current Topics in Infection & Immunity

Course No.	VMC 717	Title	Current Topics in Infection & Immunity
Credits	3 + 0 = 3	Semester	III

Lecture Nos.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	Introduction and historical developments. Host-pathogen relationship.	16
	UNIT II
2	Effector mechanisms of specific and non specific immunity to different groups of microbes.	16
	UNIT III
3	Immunobiology of major viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of animals. Types of vaccines in infectious diseases and current trends in vaccine development.	16

Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology

Course No.	VMC- 718	Title	Veterinary Microbial Biotechnology
Credits	2 + 1 = 3	Semester	II

Lecture Nos.	Topic	No. of Lectures
	THEORY
	UNIT I
1	History of microbial biotechnology. Microbes in nature. Microbes as infectious agents of human and animals. Host-microbe relationships. Microbial metabolism and growth characteristics. Microbial genetics.	06
	UNIT II
2	Introduction to molecular biology of microorganisms: DNA, RNA and proteins structure and functions. DNA replication, RNA transcription, Reverse transcription, protein translation, regulatory mechanisms. Bacterial extrachromosomal DNA elements	06
	UNIT III
3	Genetic engineering: restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, DNA polymerases, RNases and DNases, other enzymes. DNA sequencing. Plasmids and phage-derived vectors, bacterial hosts for cloning and expression of transgenes. Genomic libraries and sequencing. Blotting of DNA, RNA and proteins. Polymerase chain reaction. Microarrays. Metagenomics	10
	UNIT IV
4	Expression of antigens and antibody fragments useful as diagnostic reagents and vaccines. PCR and blotting techniques in infectious disease diagnosis. Nucleic acid vaccines. Vectored viral and bacterial vaccines. Construction of defined mutants and marker vaccines using genetic manipulation techniques. Display technologies for production of immunobiologicals. Manipulation of microbial processes for production of industrially useful substances.	10

	PRACTICAL
5	Extraction of nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria. Restriction endonuclease digestion of DNA and resolution in agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR amplification of DNA. RT-PCR of RNA. Insertion of DNA fragments into plasmid/phagemid/phage vectors. Construction of competent E. coli host cells. Transformation and transfection of competent E. coli cells. Screening of transformants and isolation of clones. DNA sequencing of clones/PCR amplicons. Expression of genes of bacterial/viral antigens. Use of PCR for infectious disease diagnosis.	16

Special Problem

Course No.	VMC- 790	Title	Special Problem
Credits	0 + 2 = 2	Semester	IV

S.N.	Topic
1	Short research problem(s) involving contemporary issues and research techniques

List of Research Topics of P.G. Theses

Sr. No.	Title of the thesis	Name of the student	Name of the guide	Year of submission
1	Studies on the post-vaccinal agglutinating response in calves vaccinated with Brucella strain 19 vaccine.	Dr. Kulkarni P. H.	Dr. D.T. Parnaik	1962
2	Assessment of the haemagglutinating property of South African horse sickness virus.	Dr. Nawathe D. R.	Dr.D.T.Parnaik	1962
3	Studies on the haemagglutination Titers of Ranikhet diseases virus subsequent to inoculation in chick embryo by various routes.	Dr. Sabnis M. G.	Dr. D.T.Parnaik	1962
4	Bacterial flora from cervico-vaginal region from buffaloes repeating to service, from dairy units,Bombaysuburbs.	Dr. Babras M. A.	Dr. D.T.Parnaik	1962
5	Studies on the post-vaccinal reactions in Fowls vaccinated withNewcastledisease (Ranikhet) vaccine Mukteshwar strain, with special reference to haemagglutination inhibition Titers.	Dr. Paranjape V. L.	Dr. D.T.Parnaik	1962
6	Observation on bacterial flora of nose & throat of sick dogs with clinically non-respiratory affections	Dr. Singh G. K.	Dr.D.T.Parnaik	1962
7	Bacterial flora of the Bottled & Unbottled Milk inBombay.	Dr. Pandit S. V.	Dr.D.T.Parnaik	1962
8	A study of some of the (Bacterial) agents isolated from infected uteri in buffaloes with biological studies in Rabbits.	Dr. Kulkarni V. B.	Dr. S.L.Manjarekar	1964
9	Study of Bacterial isolates from “Dead-In-Shell” chick Embryos.	Dr. Mulbagal A. N.	Dr. S.L.Manjarekar	1966
10	Bacterial flora of the normal porcine uterus.	Dr. Zakis	Dr. S.L.Manjarekar	1966
11	Studies on interference phenomenon & Booster effects of La Sota	Dr. Asrit K.	Dr. S.L.Manjarekar	1966
12	A study on the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract of sheep.	Dr. Dudalia M. N.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1968
13	Studies on some of the properties ofNewcastledisease virus in chicken tissue culture cells.	Dr. Khot J. B.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1968
14	Studies on the Bacterial flora of the chick & duck Hatcher Flutt.	Dr. Raghbir Singh	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1968
15	Dermotophytosis in Domestick Animals inBombay.	Dr. Sasane M. S.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1968
16	Studies on the post-vaccinal reactions in chicks vaccinated with spirochactosis vaccine with special reference to its Immunity pattern.	Dr. Padalkar M. G.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1972
17	A study on the Bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract ofBuffalocalves	Dr. Kalyankar V. V.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1973
18	Studies on Measles Heamagglitination Inhinition Test For Detection of Antibodies To Rinderpest	Dr. Kulkarni V. B.	Dr.V.B.Kulkarni	1973
19	Studies on Complement Fixing Antibodies in Crossbred Calves Vaccinated with Polyvalent FMDV vaccine	Dr. Manda A.V	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1975
20	A study on the Immunity Pattern in baby chicks vaccinated with Lasota strain ofNewcastledisease Virus	Dr. Ashrit Krishna	Dr.S.L.Manjrekar	1966
21	A study of multiplication pattern of Lasota strain ofNew castledisease virus in growing chick embryo by various routes.	Dr. Kukade S. V.	Dr.S.L.Manjrekar	1966
22	A Study of Microbial Agents Associated with Lamb Mortality	Dr. Mishal P.H.	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1977
23	A study of Psychrophilic bacteria from Frozen Foods.	Dr. Panse S. K.	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1978
24	Studies on Canine Distemper Virus	Dr. Shikhare J.K	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1978
25	A study on Bacterial content of ovary & Oviduct of Fowl.	Dr. Dhokarikar S. D.		1979
26	Some studies on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus	Dr. Kulkarni A. B.	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1979
27	A study of the Kinetics of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chick Embryo	Dr. Thakkar Urmi	Dr.K.N.Joishy	1980
28	A Comparative study of serum antibodies (IgG1, and IgG2) in the diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis	Dr.T.N.Hindocha	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1980
29	Serodiagnosis in Brucella with special reference to yhe Quantitation of specific 19G1, 19G2, & IgM Antibodies in vaccinated & infected cattle.	Dr. Das A. M.	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1981
30	Immunity Studies on Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry	Dr. Joshi A.S	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1982
31	Comparative studies on field isolate (AMVP-1) of infectious bursal disease virus and a commercial vaccine	Dr.N.N.Zade	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1982
32	Use of Immunofluroscence test & Immunoperoxidase Test for the study of New castle Disease virus.	Dr. Rana V. G.	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1983
33	Charcterisation and Quantitation of Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus) Immunoglobulin G	Dr. Ahrestani S.R	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1983
34	Study of An Avian Adenovirus Isolate: Physico-chemical and Biological Properties.	Dr. Gogate B.Y	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1984
35	Cellular and Humoral Immune Competence in Chhicks experimentally infected with Marek’s Disease and Inclusion Body Hepatitis Viruses	Dr. Mukherjee S.R	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1986
36	Immunomodulatory Effects of Some Antibiotic Feed Additives in Broilers	Dr. Vishnupurikar V.N	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1986
37	Immune Profile of Chickens in Infectious Bursal Disease and Inculsion Body Hepatitis	Dr.S.N.Talreja	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1986
38	Study on Immunity toNewcastleDisease in Broiler Chickens Vaccinated with Inactivated R2B and Lasota Vaccines	Dr. Bhojane R M	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1987
39	Comparison of The Rapid Rabies Enzyme Immuno-Daignosis (RREID) Technique with The Routinely used rabies Diagnosis Tests	Dr. Sahasrabuddhe M.G	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1988
40	A study of Gram negative bacteria and mycoplasma from cases of chronic respiratory disease in broilers	Dr. Limaye V.V	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1988
41	Isolation and Identification of pathogenic Bacteria associated with Mastitis in Buffaloes with special reference to Mycotic agents	Dr.R.V.Kothe	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1989
42	A study of Incidence of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli From Diarrhoea cases in various species of Domesticated Animals	Joshi.M.V	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1989
43	Laboratory Studies on Canine Respiratory Disease	Bonde A.V	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1990
44	Studies on Post Vaccination Immune Response in cattle with B.Abortus strain 19 vaccine	D.M.Muglikar	Dr. A.N. Mulbagal	1992
45.	Influence of continuous administration of Lactobacilli on colonization and immunity in broilers	Dr. D.S. Kamble	Dr. A. N. Mulbagal	1992
46	Present status of bacteriological and mycological evaluation of raw milk sold in the city ofBombay	Dr.R.M.Gosavi	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1992
47	Microbiological analysis of raw milk and fermented milk products	Dr.Ramod.A.G	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1994
48	Microbial and Toxicological Analysis of some milk Products	Dr.V.V.Panvelkar	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1994
49	Surveillance of Foot and Mouth Disaese Virus fromBuffaloand Cattle Meats and other Tissues	Dr.K.R.Shingal	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1995
50	Tissue Culture Studies of Bovine Viruses	Dr. D.V.Undegaonkar	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1995
51	Analysis of pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi from Frozen Milk Products	Dr.Vibha Kumari	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1995
52	Bacteriological and fungal evaluation of Raw Milk from Bulk Containers and Chilling Plants	Dr.C.A.Kate	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1995
53	Surveillance of Infectious Bursal Disease, Inclusion Body Hepatitis and Newcastle Disease on farms located in Raigad and Thane Districts and Evaluation of A combined vaccine in Poultry	Dr.A.Balasubramaniam	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1996
54	Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Farm and Abattoir animals in and around Mumbai	Dr.A.B.Kasalkar	Dr. A. M. Das	1997
55	Isolation of Inclusion Body Hepatitis (Leechi Disease) Virus and its effect on vaccination in Broilers	Dr.M.A.Patil	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1997
56	A study on bacterial subclinical mastitis in cows and buffaloes of Mumbai	Dr. Binu Gopinath	Dr. A. M. Das	1998
57	Detection of Viruses From Irradiated and Non Irradiated Poultry Meat	Dr. S.A.Pansare	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	1998
58	Isolation and Identification of Virus From Poultry	Dr.G.S.Darban	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	1998
59	Serosurvellance of Poultry Diseases in Konkan Region	Dr.V.G.Ramteke	Dr.(Mrs).A.A.Sherikar	1998
60	Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Organic Acids on The Infectivity of Serotype ‘O’ Foot and Mouth Disease Virus inBuffaloMeat	Dr.S.D.Sontakke	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	1999
61	A Comparison of ELISA with Conventional Tests in Serodiagnosis ofNewcastleDisease and Infectious Bursal Disease.	Dr.Nithya Sambasivan	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	1999
62	A Study on isolation and serological profile of some common bacterial pathogens in Pigs	Dr.P.N.Rathod	Dr. A. M. Das	1999
63	Survey of Cattle andBuffalofor Encephalitides in Mumbai and Thane District	Dr.M.B.Shirke	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2000
64	Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus	Dr.H.K.Naikare	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2000
65	Isolation of Hydropericadium Syndrome (HPS) virus from the Konkan Region	Dr.M.U.Despande	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2000
66	Serosurveillance and isolation ofNewcastledisease virus and infections bursal disease virus in Vidharbha region	Dr.Miss.V. R. Rane	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2001
67	Serological response of cattle and buffaloes against oil adjuvanted inactivated infection bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine	Dr. D. R. Patil	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2001
68	Prevalence of encephalitides in Sheep and Goats	Dr. M. Nair	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2001
69	Effect of vaccination immunostimulant and antibiotics on antibodies of serogolically Brucella positive cows	Dr. V. P. Jadhav	Dr. A. M. Das	2002
70	Molecular profile of field veloganic strain of Newcstle disease virus before and after irradiatin	Dr. A. M. Sahare	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2002
71	Detection of encephalitides from buffalo and goat brains slaughtered in Mumbai and Thane Districts.	Dr. Hamidmiy A.R	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2002
72	Immune responses to in-ovo inoculation of irradiated and unirradiated isolates ofNewcastlediseases virus in chicks.	Dr. Sivakumar D.	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2003
73	Studies on molecular profile of velogenic strain ofNewcastledisease virus.	Dr. S. P. Awandkar	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2003
74	Detection of Brucellosis in Buffaloes employee milk ELISA	Dr. S. N. Tawade	Dr. A. M. Das	2003
75	Cultivation and purification of toxins of clostridia causing gas gangrene.	Dr. Miss.M. M. Pawade	Dr. A. M. Das	2004
76	Prufication and potency testing of Clostridium tetani toxin	Dr.Miss.S. A. Bhokare	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2004
77	Potency testing of commercial equine antirabies serum	Dr. W. B. D’mello	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2004
78	Standardization of Novel gamma irradiated in-ovoNewcastledisease vaccine	Dr. S. S. Koratkar	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2004
79	Potency testing of gas gangrene antitoxin	Dr. P. S. Sabade	Dr. A. M. Das	2004
80	Comparison between two commercial combined vaccines ofNewcastledisease and avian infectious bronchitis virus by using spray method in broilers	Dr. V. S. Ghanabahadur	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2005
81	Studies in herpes virus of Turkey (HVT) in chick embryo fibroblast cell culture	Dr. R. M. Nagane	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2005
82	Effect of deuterated water (D₂0) onNewcastle disease virus.	Dr. Ms. K.D. Sakhare	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2005
83	Serological observation on Buffaloes Vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB 51	Dr. M. B. Raut	Dr. A. M. Das	2005
84	Efficacy of Marek’s disease vaccines	Dr. Yashwanth S. L.	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2006
85	Effects of heavy water on growth and morphology of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis	Dr. S. B. Chikbire	Dr. A. M. Das	2006
86	Antibiotic sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine Mastitis and Canine skin infection.	Dr. R. L. Chavan	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2007
87	Characterization ofNewcastledisease virus isolated from Poultry.	Dr. D. B. Karmakar	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2007
88	Cell culture studies of virulent Marek’s Disease virus	Dr. Ms. S. S. Karikkathil	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2007
89	In vitro effect of nano particulate drug delivery stystem with new anti-tuberculous drug	Dr. V. B. Khurud	Dr. A. M. Das	2007
90	In vitro effect of nano particulate drug delivery system with new anti-tuberculous drug.	Dr. R. E. Gaikwad	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2007
91	Cell Culture studies of Virulent Marek’s Disease Virus	Dr.K.S.Sivadasan	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2007
92	Characterization ofNewcastleDisease Virus Isolated from Poultry	Dr.K.D.Bikash	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2007
93	RNA-Page Analysis of Rota Virus from Calves and children	Dr. Prem Sagar	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2008
94	In vitro efficacy of Rifampicin and nanoparticulate Rifampicin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Dr. Ms. S. P. Gaikwad	Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage	2008
95	In-vitro efficacy of Nanoparticulate Doxycycline against Brucella abortus	Dr. S. T. Kothawale	Dr. A. S. Bannalikar	2008
96	In vitro efficacy of ethambutol and new cell wall modulators against Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Dr. Ms. D. M. Joshi	Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage	2009
97	In vitro efficacy of Rifampicin and nanoparticulate Rifampicin against Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium	Dr. Ms. K. D. Kadam	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2009
98	Efficacy of Nanoparticulate Rifampicin Against B. abortus	Dr. S. N. Deore	Dr. A. S. Bannalikar	2009
99	Molecular characterization of Rotaviruses	Dr. Anjan Mondal	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2009
100	Molecular Charcterization of F, HN and M Genes ofNewcastleDisease Virus Strains	Dr. Ms. T.S.Patil	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2010
101	Characterization of biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus from bovine Mastitis	Dr Ms. D. R. Mankar	Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Ganage	2010
102	Molecular Charcterization of VP2 gene of Infectious Bursal Disaese Virus Strains	Dr. Ms. S.N.Gawande	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2010
103	Evaluation of BCSP31 and IS711 PCR assays in detection of bovine and human brucellosis.	Dr. A.S.Aher	Dr. A. S. Bannalikar	2010
104	Detection of Brucella spp in occupationally exposed humans by serological, bacteriological and molecular techniques	Dr. A. A.Suryawanshi	Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Ganage	2011
105	Detection of Brucella spp. from animals by conventional and molecular techniques	Dr.D.S.Madale	Dr. A. S. Bannalikar	2011
106	Molecular Charcterization of Avian Reovirus	Dr.J.D.Sawte	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2012

List of Research Topics of Ph.D. Theses

Sr. No.	Title of the thesis	Name of the student	Name of the guide	Year of submission
1	A study of some aspects of cainine distemper virus	Dr. V.L. Paranjape	Dr.S.M.Ajinkya	1975
2	Dietary Proteins and Immunity in Chicks	Dr. V.G Patil-Kulkarni	Dr. Jacob Eapen	1978
3	Studies on some Aspects of Canine Parvovirus	Dr. A.A Sherilar	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1985
5	A Study on Bacterial Abortions in Bovines	Dr.A.M.Das	Dr.V.L.Paranjape	1986
6	Studies on Viruses from Various Meats	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	1999
7	Effect of Deuterated water on selected Bacteria and Bacterial vaccines	Dr. (Mrs.) R. S. Gandage	Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar	2007
8	Efficacy of Nanoparticulate Antimycobacterial Drugs Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	Dr.P.R.Suryawanshi	Dr. (Mrs.) S. B. Majee	2010
9	Efficacy of Biodegradable Lipid Glyceryl Monostearate Lipomer of Doxycycline Against Brucella Abortus	Dr.P.P.Mhase	Dr. A. S. Bannalikar	2012

List of Paper Published

Sr. No.	Authors	Title	Journal / Year of publication	Vol. / Page nos.
1	Gopinath B., Das A. M., Sherikar, A.A and Gandge R. S.	Trypsin inhibition spot test in the determination of Bovine subclinical Mastitis	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2003	11: 12-14
2	Das A. M., Kasalkar, Sherikar A.A., Majee S.B., Gandge R. S. & Rathod P. N.	Application of DOT-ELISA in the serological survey of brucellosis among buffaloes	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2004	12: 25 -27
3	Majee S.B., Rane V.R. Sherikar A.A. Das A.M.& Awandkar S.P.	Serosurveillance & isolation ofNewcastledisease & Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Vidarbha Region.	Indian Veterinary Journal / 2005	82: 300-304
4	S.B.Majee and A.A. Sherikar	Detection and isolation of FMDV from fresh and frozen meats	The Blue Cross Book / 2005	24: 41– 48
5	Gandge R.S., Karpe A.G. & Gujar M.B.	Curing of drug resistant & virulent plasmids of of Escherichi coli	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2005.	13: 28-29
6	Awandkar, S.B.Majee, A.A. Sherikar and V. S. Ghanbahaddur	Characterization of structural fourteen of velogenic field isolate and vaccine strain (R₂B and lasota) NDV by PAGE-SDS	Indian Journal Animal science / 2006	76: 188-190
7	Das A. M. & Sherikar A. A.	In vitro antibacterial activity of two herbal feed supplements against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae & pilosicoli	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15
8	Majee S. B., Sherikar A. A, Shetty V. H. Angadi S. A., Karmakar D. B. & Karikkathil S. S.	Enterobacter Sakazakii : Enterotoxin production and Invitro Cytotoxicity	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15: 101-102
9	Majee S.B., Sherikar A. A., Gaikwad R. E. Khurud V. B., Suryawanshi P.R., Sagar P., Gaikwad S.P., Kothawale S.T.	Study of seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in goats.	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15: 137-138
10	S. B. Majee	BSE & VCJD : latest strategies in treatment (Review article)	Vets. Communications / 2007	2: 8-12
11	Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,	Aerobic Bacterial flora of subclinical Goat Mastitis in Vidharbha region ofMaharashtra	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege / 2007	15: 50-51


12	Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,	Antibiogram of aerobic bacteria associated with Goat Mastitis	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15: 52-54
13	Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,	Comparative efficacy of different direct and indirect tests for diagnosis of Mastitis in goats	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15: 59-62
14	Mhase P. P., Suryawanshi P. R. & Harne S. D.,	Characterization of Staphylococci of caprine mastitis.	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2007	15: 129-130
15	Sivakumar D., Majee S.B., Chander R.	Cell mediated immune response of chicks to in-oivo vaccination with irradiated ND vaccine	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2008	16: 54-56
16	Kadam D.P., Palampalle H.Y., Mhase P.P., Sabale S.S., Shinde P.R., Yerolkar A.J., Rathod S.B., Nehete R.S.	A rare case of Sarcocystis muris in laboratory mice	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2008	16: 61-62.
17	R.S.Gandage and A.A. Sherikar	Effect of Deutrium oxide on growth of Salmonella Gallinarum	Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2008	29: 63-64
18	Karikkathil S.S. S.B. Majee, D.B. Karmakar R.E. Gaikwad V.B. Khurud	Detection & characterization of virulent Mareks’disease virus in cell culture	IJCMIID / 2008	29: 9-11.
19	V.S. Madnalwar, M.P. Sawane, V.D. Pawar, P.A. Patil, A.P. Fernandis and A.S. Bannalikar	Genotyping the prolactin gene in Pandharpuri Buffaloes By PCR-RFLP	BuffaloBulletin / 2010	29: 88-91
20	Joshi, D.M., Deore, S.N., Kadam, K.D., Mondal, A., Suryawanshi, P.R., Dhage, R.V., Majee, S.B., Gandage, R.S. and Bannalikar, A.S.	Detection and titration of antirabies IgG from serum and cerebrospinal fluid	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2010	18: 76-77
21	Gandage, R.S., Sherikar, A.A. and Majee, S.B.	Effect of deuterium oxide on morphology and colony characters of various bacteria	Journal ofBombayVeterinaryCollege/ 2010	18: 75-76


22	Gandage, R.S. and Sherikar, A.A.	Thermostabilizing property of deuterium oxide on haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine	Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2010	31
23	Gandge R.S., Sherikar A.A. and Majee S.B.	Thermostabilizing property of deuterium oxide on morphology and colony characters of various bacteria	J. Bom. Vet. Coll. / 2010	18 (1) : 75-76
24	Anjan Mondal, S. B. Majee and A. S. Bannalikar	RNA-PAGE analysis of rotavirus isolated from diarrhoeic faecal samples of bovine and children	J. Interacad. / 2010	14 (3) : 355-358
25	Mahajan, M.V. Gadekar Y. P, Dighe V. D, Kokane R. D, Bannalikar A. S	Molecular detection of meat animal species targeting MT 12S rRNA gene	Meat Science / 2011	88: 23-27
26	Londhe SP, Bannalikar AS and Dighe VD.	Serodetection of bovine brucellosis by RBPT and AB-ELISA	Animal Science Reporter / 2011	5:69-73
27	Anjan Mondal, S.B. Majee, A.S. Bannalikar	Molecular Characterization of VP7 Gene of Bovine Group A Rotavirus	Animal Science Reporter / 2011	5: 27-33
28	Londhe SP, Bannalikar AS and Dighe VD.	Detection of Brucella abortus in buffalo blood and milk by IS711 PCR assay	Journal of Veterinary Public Health / 2011	In Press
29	Londhe SP, Aher AS,BannalikarASand Dighe VD.	Evaluation of efficacy of BCSP 31 kDa and IS711 PCR assays in detection of bovine brucellosis	The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences / 2011	In Press
30	Aher A.S., Londhe S.P., Bannalikar A.S., Mhase P.P. and Dighe VD	Detection of brucellosis in occupationally exposed humans by molecular and serological techniques	Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases / 2011	In Press
31	Anjan Mondal, Ranjit Aich, S.B. Majee and A.S. Bannalikar	Determination of bovine rotavirus G serotype by polymerase chain reaction	Trop. Anim. Health Prod. / 2011	In Press
32	R.S.Gandage and Sherikar, A.A.	Effect of deuterium oxide on growth of Pasteurella multocida	Indian of Journal of Animal Science / 2011	In Press


33	Anjan Mondal, S. B. Majee and A. S. Bannalikar	VP7 gene specific RT-PCR for detection of human rotaviruses from stool samples	J. Interacad. / 2011	15:107-111
34	Anjan Mondal, V. S. Dangle and S. B. Majee	An outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) dairy herds inKolhapur,India	Ind. Vet. J ./ 2011 .	In Press
35	Guhagarkar S. A., Majee S. B., Samad A and Devarajan P. V.	Evaluation of pullulan-functionalized doxorubicin nanoparticles for asialo glycoprotein receptor-mediated uptake in Hep G2 cell line	Cancer Nanotechnology:BasicTranslational and Clinical Research / 2011	Online First
36	Kakwani M D, Suryavanshi P S, Muktikant Ray , M. G. R. Rajan , Majee S B, Samad A, Padma Devarajan , Mariam S. Degani	Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of cinnamide derivatives: A molecular hybridization approach	Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters / 2011	21: 1997–1999
37	Aher A. S, Londhe S.P, Mhase P.P, Bannalikar A. S, Dighe V. D.	Comarison of serological methods for the detectin of B. abortus antibodies in sera from infected bovines	The Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians / 2011	In Press

Completed Research Projects

Sr. No.	Project title	Year	Funding agency	Budget (In Rs.)
1	Microbiological Surveillance of raw milk and milk products sold in the city ofBombayand its suburbs	1992-1995	ICAR	7,49,700/-.
2	Detection of RPV and FMDV in deboned and deglanded buffalo meats	1993-1994	APEDA	3,16,500/-
3	Serosurveillance of important viral diseases of poultry in the Konkan region and efficacy of combined vaccinations	1995-1999	ICAR	14,32,117/-
4	Detection of RPV and FMDV from irradiated buffalo meats	1996-1997	MFPI	7,40,000/-
5	Surveillance of viral encephalitides in large and small ruminants in and around Mumbai city	2000-2003	ICAR	31,89,520/-
6	Development of a viral poultry vaccine using gamma radiations	2001-2004	BRNS.	10,20,150/-
7	Application of deuterated water (D₂O) as a thermostabilizer in bacterial and viral vaccines	2004-2007	ICAR.	19,94,980/-
8	Modulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis barriers: Design and Development Strategies	2007-2010	DBT	89,22,800/-

Ongoing Research Projects

Sr. No.	Project title	Investigator (s)	Funding agency	Total outlay
1	Pilot Rabies Control Project	Dr. A.S.Bannalikar Dr. Mrs. S.B. Majee Dr.S.D.Jagadale	MSD Animal Health, Pune	54, 63, 517/-
2	Nanotechnology based diagnostic module for detection of brucellosis	Dr. Mrs. S.B. Majee	ICMR,New Delhi	18, 44, 524/-
3	Speciation of meat using molecular techniques	Dr. A.S. Bannalikar Dr. R.D. Kokane Dr.S.D.Jagadale	Revolving funds BVC Mumbai	92, 047/-
4	Development of Gossypol-free Lysine-rich Cottonseed cake By Solid State Fermentation	Dr. A.S. Bannalikar Dr. P.P. Mhase Dr. N.R. Karambele	ICAR, NFBSFARA	28, 50, 000/-

Retired Professors

PROFESSORS

Dr. D. T. Parnaik 1955 – 1963
Dr. S. L. Manjrekar 1963 – 1964
Dr. S P. Kaduskar 1964 – 1966
Dr. V. B. Kulkarni 1966 – 1974
Dr. V. L. Paranjape 1974 – 1989
Dr. A. N. Mulbagal 1989 – 1993
Dr. (Mrs.) A. A. Sherikar 1993 – 2006
Dr. A. M Das 2006 – 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

UG Syllabus

PG Syllabus

List of Research Topics of P.G. Theses

List of Research Topics of Ph.D. Theses

List of Paper Published

Completed Research Projects

Ongoing Research Projects

Retired Professors

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